Template:Infobox lead/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Lead, 82Pb
A small gray metal cube surrounded by three gray metal nuggets in front of a light gray background
Lead
Pronunciation/ˈlɛd/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancemetallic gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Pb)Template:Val[1]
Lead in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Sn

Pb

Fl
thalliumleadbismuth
Atomic number (Z)82
Groupgroup 14 (carbon group)
Periodperiod 6
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point600.61 K ​(327.46 °C, ​621.43 °F)
Boiling point2022 K ​(1749 °C, ​3180 °F)
Density (near r.t.)11.34 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)10.66 g/cm3
Heat of fusion4.77 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization179.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.650 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 978 1088 1229 1412 1660 2027
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.87 (+2)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 715.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1450.5 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3081.5 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 175 pm
Covalent radius146±5 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of lead
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for lead
Speed of sound thin rod1190 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion28.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity35.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity208 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility−23.0·10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)[2]
Young's modulus16 GPa
Shear modulus5.6 GPa
Bulk modulus46 GPa
Poisson ratio0.44
Mohs hardness1.5
Brinell hardness38–50 MPa
CAS Number7439-92-1
History
Discoveryby Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Main isotopes of lead
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
202Pb syn 53000 y ε 202Tl
204Pb 1.4% stable
205Pb trace 1.53×107 y ε 205Tl
206Pb 24.1% stable
207Pb 22.1% stable
208Pb 52.4% stable
210Pb trace 22.3 y β 210Bi
Category Category: Lead
| references
Tl ←

i'box Tl

iso
82
Pb (E)
→ Bi

i'box Bi

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Weast, Astle & Beyer 1983, p. E110.
  3. Meija et al. 2016.

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