Template:Infobox thallium

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Thallium, 81Tl
Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg
Thallium
Pronunciation/ˈθæliəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Tl)[[[:Template:Val]], Template:Val] conventional: Template:Val
Thallium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) In

Tl

Nh
mercurythalliumlead
Atomic number (Z)81
Groupgroup 13 (boron group)
Periodperiod 6
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point577 K ​(304 °C, ​579 °F)
Boiling point1746 K ​(1473 °C, ​2683 °F)
Density (near r.t.)11.85 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)11.22 g/cm3
Heat of fusion4.14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization165 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.32 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 882 977 1097 1252 1461 1758
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−5,[1] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.62
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1971 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2878 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 170 pm
Covalent radius145±7 pm
Van der Waals radius196 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of thallium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thallium
Speed of sound thin rod818 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion29.9 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity46.1 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[2]
Magnetic susceptibility−50.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[3]
Young's modulus8 GPa
Shear modulus2.8 GPa
Bulk modulus43 GPa
Poisson ratio0.45
Mohs hardness1.2
Brinell hardness26.5–44.7 MPa
CAS Number7440-28-0
History
Namingafter Greek thallos, green shoot or twig
DiscoveryWilliam Crookes (1861)
First isolationClaude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Main isotopes of thallium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
203Tl 29.5% stable
204Tl syn 3.78 y β 204Pb
ε 204Hg
205Tl 70.5% stable
Category Category: Thallium
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 304
K 577 577 0
F 579 579 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 304, K: 577, F: 579
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1473
K 1746 1746 0
F 2683 2683 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1473, K: 1746, F: 2683
comment
Hg ←

i'box Hg

iso
81
Tl (E)
→ Pb

i'box Pb

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na23K9Tl15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl57−, Tl48−, Tl37−, and Tl5− Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
  2. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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