Template:Infobox phosphorus

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Phosphorus, 15P
PhosphComby.jpg
waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus
Phosphorus
Pronunciation/ˈfɒsfərəs/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancewaxy white, yellow, red, violet, black metallic-looking
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(P)Template:Val[1]
Abundance
in the Earth's crust5.2 (silicon = 100)
[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
Phosphorus in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) N

P

As
siliconphosphorussulfur
Atomic number (Z)15
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting pointwhite: 317.3 K ​(44.15 °C, ​111.5 °F)
red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)[2]
Boiling pointwhite: 553.7 K ​(280.5 °C, ​536.9 °F)
Sublimation pointred: ≈689.2–863 K ​(≈416–590 °C, ​≈780.8–1094 °F)
violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F)
Density (near r.t.)white: 1.823 g/cm3
red: ≈2.2–2.34 g/cm3
violet: 2.36 g/cm3
black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusionwhite: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporizationwhite: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitywhite: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure (white)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 279 307 342 388 453 549
vapor pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 455 489 529 576 635 704
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.19
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius180 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of phosphorus
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus
Thermal conductivitywhite: 0.236 W/(m·K)
black: 12.1 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderingwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[5]
Magnetic susceptibility−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6]
Bulk moduluswhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS Number7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white)
History
DiscoveryHennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[7] (1777)
Main isotopes of phosphorus
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
31P 100% stable
32P trace 14.28 d β 32S
33P trace 25.3 d β 33S
Category Category: Phosphorus
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 44.15
K 317.3 317.30 0
F 111.5 111.47 0.03 delta Template:Subpage other
max precision 2
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 44.15, K: white: 317.3, F: 111.5
comment
red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)[2]
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 280.5
K 553.7 553.6 0.1 delta
F 536.9 536.9 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 1
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 280.5, K: white: 553.7, F: 536.9
comment
Si ←

i'box Si

iso
15
P (E)
→ S

i'box S

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. "Phosphorus: Chemical Element". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  3. Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
  4. Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
  5. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  6. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  7. cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)

One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})

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