Template:Infobox californium/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Californium, 98Cf
A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
Californium
Pronunciation/ˌkælɪˈfɔːrniəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery
Mass number[251]
Californium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Dy

Cf

(Upn)
berkeliumcaliforniumeinsteinium
Atomic number (Z)98
Groupgroup n/a
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f10 7s2[1]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1173 K ​(900 °C, ​1652 °F)[2]
Boiling point1743 K ​(1470 °C, ​2678 °F) (estimation)[3]
Density (near r.t.)15.1 g/cm3[2]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4, +5[4][5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3[6]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 608 kJ/mol[7]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of californium
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structuresimple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for californium
Mohs hardness3–4[8]
CAS Number7440-71-3[2]
History
Namingafter California, where it was discovered
DiscoveryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1950)
Main isotopes of californium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
248Cf syn 333.5 d α (100%) 244Cm
SF (2.9×10−3%)
249Cf trace 351 y α (100%) 245Cm
SF (5.0×10−7%)
250Cf trace 13.08 y α (99.92%) 246Cm
SF (0.08%)
251Cf trace 898 y α 247Cm
252Cf trace 2.645 y α (96.91%) 248Cm
SF (3.09%)
253Cf trace 17.81 d β (99.69%) 253Es
α (0.31%) 249Cm
254Cf syn 60.5 d SF (99.69%)
α (0.31%) 250Cm
Isotope references [9][10]
Category Category: Californium
| references

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 CRC 2006, p. 4.56.
  3. Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. p. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  4. Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
  5. Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. American Chemical Society. 57 (15): 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. PMID 30040397.
  6. Emsley 1998, p. 50.
  7. CRC 2006, p. 10.204.
  8. CRC 1991, p. 254.
  9. CRC 2006, p. 11.196.
  10. NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (ed.). "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  11. Greenwood 1997, p. 1265.

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