Template:Infobox praseodymium
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Praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearance | grayish white | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Pr) | Template:Val[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Praseodymium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Group | group n/a | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Block | f-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Xe] 4f3 6s2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 1208 K (935 °C, 1715 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 3403 K (3130 °C, 5666 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | 6.77 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.50 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 6.89 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 331 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 27.20 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 182 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 203±7 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 2280 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | α, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 12.5 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | α, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | +5010.0·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | α form: 37.3 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | α form: 14.8 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | α form: 28.8 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | α form: 0.281 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 250–745 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 250–640 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-10-0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Carl Auer von Welsbach (1885) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of praseodymium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
data m.p. cat | |||||
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in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
C | 935 | — | — | ||
K | 1208 | 1208 | 0 | ||
F | 1715 | 1715 | 0 | Template:Subpage other | |
max precision | 0 | ||||
WD | Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". | Template:Wikidata | |||
input | C: 935, K: 1208, F: 1715 | ||||
comment |
data b.p. cat | |||||
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in | calc from C | diff | report | ref | |
C | 3130 | — | — | ||
K | 3403 | 3400 | 3 | delta | |
F | 5666 | 5670 | -4 | delta | Template:Subpage other |
max precision | 0 | ||||
WD | Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". | Template:Wikidata | |||
input | C: 3130, K: 3403, F: 5666 | ||||
comment |
Ce ← |
→ Nd | |
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Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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Category (enwiki) | |
Standard atomic weight | |
most stable isotope | |
Natural occurrence | |
Phase at STP | |
Oxidation states | |
Spectral lines image | |
Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
Term symbol * (cmt, ref) | |
Wikidata * | |
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}} |
References
- ↑ Template:OED
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
- ↑ Chen, Xin; et al. (2019-12-13). "Lanthanides with Unusually Low Oxidation States in the PrB3– and PrB4– Boride Clusters". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (1): 411–418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572. PMID 30543295.
- ↑ Jackson, M. (2000). "Magnetism of Rare Earth" (PDF). The IRM quarterly. 10 (3): 1.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
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