Template:Infobox phosphorus/sandbox
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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
![]() waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈfɒsfərəs/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Appearance | Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black | ||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(P) | Template:Val[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Abundance | |||||||||||||||||||||
in the Earth's crust | 5.2 (silicon = 100) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phosphorus in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Group | group 15 (pnictogens) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | white: 317.3 K (44.15 °C, 111.5 °F) red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F)[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | white: 553.7 K (280.5 °C, 536.9 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sublimation point | red: ≈689.2–863 K (≈416–590 °C, ≈780.8–1094 °F) violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Density (near r.t.) | white: 1.823 g/cm3 red: ≈2.2–2.34 g/cm3 violet: 2.36 g/cm3 black: 2.69 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | white: 0.66 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | white: 51.9 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | white: 23.824 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure (white)
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vapor pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −3, −2, −1, 0,[3] +1,[4] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.19 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Covalent radius | 107±3 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 180 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | white: 0.236 W/(m·K) black: 12.1 W/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility | −20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | white: 5 GPa red: 11 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7723-14-0 (red) 12185-10-3 (white) | ||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Hennig Brand (1669) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Recognised as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier[7] (1777) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of phosphorus | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Si ← |
→ S | |
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Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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Name and identifiers | |
Top image (caption, alt) | |
Pronunciation | |
Category (enwiki) | |
Standard atomic weight | |
most stable isotope | |
Natural occurrence | |
Phase at STP | |
Oxidation states | |
Spectral lines image | |
Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
Term symbol * (cmt, ref) | |
Wikidata * | |
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}} |
References
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ "Phosphorus: Chemical Element". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
- ↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
- ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ↑ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as
- <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
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