Template:Infobox californium/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Californium, 98Cf
A very small disc of silvery metal, magnified to show its metallic texture
Californium
Pronunciation/ˌkælɪˈfɔːrniəm/ ​(Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery
Mass number[251]
Californium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Dy
↑
Cf
↓
(Upn)
berkelium ← californium → einsteinium
Atomic number (Z)98
Groupgroup n/a
Periodperiod 7
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Rn] 5f10 7s2[1]
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1173 K ​(900 °C, ​1652 °F)[2]
Boiling point1743 K ​(1470 °C, ​2678 °F) (estimation)[3]
Density (near r.t.)15.1 g/cm3[2]
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+2, +3, +4, +5[4][5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3[6]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 608 kJ/mol[7]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of californium
Other properties
Natural occurrencesynthetic
Crystal structure ​simple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for californium
Mohs hardness3–4[8]
CAS Number7440-71-3[2]
History
Namingafter California, where it was discovered
DiscoveryLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1950)
Main isotopes of californium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
248Cf syn 333.5 d α (100%) 244Cm
SF (2.9×10−3%) –
249Cf trace 351 y α (100%) 245Cm
SF (5.0×10−7%) –
250Cf trace 13.08 y α (99.92%) 246Cm
SF (0.08%) –
251Cf trace 898 y α 247Cm
252Cf trace 2.645 y α (96.91%) 248Cm
SF (3.09%) –
253Cf trace 17.81 d β− (99.69%) 253Es
α (0.31%) 249Cm
254Cf syn 60.5 d SF (99.69%) –
α (0.31%) 250Cm
Isotope references [9][10]
Category Category: Californium
| references

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 CRC 2006, p. 1.14.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 CRC 2006, p. 4.56.
  3. ↑ Joseph Jacob Katz; Glenn Theodore Seaborg; Lester R. Morss (1986). The Chemistry of the actinide elements. Chapman and Hall. p. 1038. ISBN 9780412273704. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  4. ↑ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
  5. ↑ Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. (2018). "Pentavalent Curium, Berkelium, and Californium in Nitrate Complexes: Extending Actinide Chemistry and Oxidation States". Inorg. Chem. American Chemical Society. 57 (15): 9453–9467. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450. PMID 30040397.
  6. ↑ Emsley 1998, p. 50.
  7. ↑ CRC 2006, p. 10.204.
  8. ↑ CRC 1991, p. 254.
  9. ↑ CRC 2006, p. 11.196.
  10. ↑ NNDC contributors (2008). Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (ed.). "Chart of Nuclides". National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  11. ↑ Greenwood 1997, p. 1265.

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