Template:Infobox yttrium/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Yttrium, 39Y
Yttrium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Yttrium
Pronunciation/ˈɪtriəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Y)Template:Val[1]
Yttrium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Sc

Y

Lu
strontiumyttriumzirconium
Atomic number (Z)39
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
Boiling point3203 K ​(2730 °C, ​5306 °F)
Density (near r.t.)4.472 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.53 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 600 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius190±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of yttrium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for yttrium
Speed of sound thin rod3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansionα, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity17.2 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[3]
Young's modulus63.5 GPa
Shear modulus25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus41.2 GPa
Poisson ratio0.243
Brinell hardness589 MPa
CAS Number7440-65-5
History
Namingafter Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite
DiscoveryJohan Gadolin (1794)
First isolationCarl Gustav Mosander (1840)
Main isotopes of yttrium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
87Y syn 3.35 d ε 87Sr
γ -
88Y syn 106.6 d ε 88Sr
γ -
89Y 100% stable
90Y syn 2.67 d β 90Zr
γ -
91Y syn 58.5 d β 91Zr
γ -
Category Category: Yttrium
| references

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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