Template:Infobox thulium

From blackwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Thulium, 69Tm
Thulium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Thulium
Pronunciation/ˈθjliəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Tm)Template:Val[1]
Thulium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro)

Tm

Md
erbiumthuliumytterbium
Atomic number (Z)69
Groupn/a
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
Boiling point2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Density (near r.t.)9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.56 g/cm3
Heat of fusion16.84 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization191 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +2, +3 (a basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.25
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 596.7 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1160 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2285 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius190±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of thulium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for thulium
Thermal expansionpoly: 13.3 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic (at 300 K)
Magnetic susceptibility+25,500·10−6 cm3/mol (291 K)[3]
Young's modulus74.0 GPa
Shear modulus30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio0.213
Vickers hardness470–650 MPa
Brinell hardness470–900 MPa
CAS Number7440-30-4
History
Namingafter Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Discovery and first isolationPer Teodor Cleve (1879)
Main isotopes of thulium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 167Er
168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 168Er
169Tm 100% stable
170Tm syn 128.6 d β 170Yb
171Tm syn 1.92 y β 171Yb
Category Category: Thulium
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1545
K 1818 1818 0
F 2813 2813 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1545, K: 1818, F: 2813
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1950
K 2223 2220 3 delta
F 3542 3540 2 delta Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1950, K: 2223, F: 3542
comment
Er ←

i'box Er

iso
69
Tm (E)
→ Yb

i'box Yb

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  3. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".