Template:Infobox samarium/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Samarium, 62Sm
Samarium-2.jpg
Samarium
Pronunciation/səˈmɛəriəm/ (Template:Respell)
Allotropesα form
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Sm)Template:Val[1]
Samarium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) -

Sm

Pu
promethiumsamariumeuropium
Atomic number (Z)62
Groupgroup n/a
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1345 K ​(1072 °C, ​1962 °F)
Boiling point2173 K ​(1900 °C, ​3452 °F)
Density (near r.t.)7.52 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)7.16 g/cm3
Heat of fusion8.62 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization192 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity29.54 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1001 1106 1240 (1421) (1675) (2061)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.17
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 544.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1070 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2260 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius198±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of samarium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurerhombohedral
Rhombohedral crystal structure for samarium
Speed of sound thin rod2130 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly) 12.7 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity13.3 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly) 0.940 µΩ·m
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[3]
Young's modulusα form: 49.7 GPa
Shear modulusα form: 19.5 GPa
Bulk modulusα form: 37.8 GPa
Poisson ratioα form: 0.274
Vickers hardness412 MPa
Brinell hardness441 MPa
CAS Number7440-19-9
History
Namingafter the mineral samarskite (itself named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets)
DiscoveryLecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)
First isolationLecoq de Boisbaudran (1879)
Main isotopes of samarium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
144Sm 3.07% - (β+β+) 144Nd
(α) 140Nd
145Sm syn 340 d ε 145Pm
146Sm trace 1.03×108 y α 142Nd
147Sm 14.99% 1.06×1011 y α 143Nd
148Sm 11.24% 7×1015 y α 144Nd
149Sm 13.82% >2×1015 y (α) 145Nd
150Sm 7.38% - (α) 146Nd
151Sm syn 90 y β 151Eu
152Sm 26.75% - (α) 148Nd
153Sm syn 46.284 h β 153Eu
154Sm 22.75% >2.3×1018 y (ββ) 154Gd
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
bold: stable isotope
bold italic: primordial radioisotope
Category Category: Samarium
| references

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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