Template:Infobox ruthenium

From blackwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Ruthenium, 44Ru
Ruthenium a half bar.jpg
Ruthenium
Pronunciation/rˈθniəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancesilvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ru)Template:Val[1]
Ruthenium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Fe

Ru

Os
technetiumrutheniumrhodium
Atomic number (Z)44
Groupgroup 8
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Boiling point4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization619 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.06 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, 0, +1,[2] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.2
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 710.2 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1620 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2747 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius146±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of ruthenium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for ruthenium
Speed of sound thin rod5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity117 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[3]
Magnetic susceptibility+39·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[3]
Young's modulus447 GPa
Shear modulus173 GPa
Bulk modulus220 GPa
Poisson ratio0.30
Mohs hardness6.5
Brinell hardness2160 MPa
CAS Number7440-18-8
History
Namingafter Ruthenia, the 19th-century Latin name for Russia[lower-alpha 1]
Discovery and first isolationKarl Ernst Claus (1844)
Main isotopes of ruthenium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
96Ru 5.54% stable
97Ru syn 2.9 d ε 97Tc
γ
98Ru 1.87% stable
99Ru 12.76% stable
100Ru 12.60% stable
101Ru 17.06% stable
102Ru 31.55% stable
103Ru syn 39.26 d β 103Rh
γ
104Ru 18.62% stable
106Ru syn 373.59 d β 106Rh
Category Category: Ruthenium
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 2334
K 2607 2607 0
F 4233 4233 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 2334, K: 2607, F: 4233
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 4150
K 4423 4420 3 delta
F 7502 7500 2 delta Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 4150, K: 4423, F: 7502
comment
Tc ←

i'box Tc

iso
44
Ru (E)
→ Rh

i'box Rh

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Haynes, p. 4.130
  4. Matthey, Johnson. "The Discovery of Ruthenium". Johnson Matthey Technology Review. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
  5. Pitchkov, V. N. (1996). "The Discovery of Ruthenium". Platinum Metals Review. 40 (4): 181–188.
  1. It was common to give newly discovered elements Latin names (for example, lutetium and hafnium, both discovered in early 20th century, are named after the Latin names for Paris and Copenhagen). Claus chose to name the element "in Honour of my Motherland",[4] and Claus was a Russian subject; as such, he chose the Latin name for Russia used back in the day, Ruthenia, as the basis for his name.[5]
    In contemporary Latin (as well as in contemporary English), Russia is usually referred to as Russia, and the name Ruthenia stands for a region in and around Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".