Template:Infobox niobium/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Niobium, 41Nb
A lump of gray shining crystals with hexagonal facetting
Niobium
Pronunciation/nˈbiəm/ (Template:Respell)
Appearancegray metallic, bluish when oxidized
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Nb)Template:Val[1]
Niobium in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) V

Nb

Ta
zirconiumniobiummolybdenum
Atomic number (Z)41
Groupgroup 5
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2750 K ​(2477 °C, ​4491 °F)
Boiling point5017 K ​(4744 °C, ​8571 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization689.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.60 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2942 3207 3524 3910 4393 5013
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.6
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 652.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1380 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2416 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 146 pm
Covalent radius164±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of niobium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurebody-centered cubic (bcc)
Cubic body-centered crystal structure for niobium
Speed of sound thin rod3480 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion7.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity53.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity152 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Young's modulus105 GPa
Shear modulus38 GPa
Bulk modulus170 GPa
Poisson ratio0.40
Mohs hardness6.0
Vickers hardness1320 MPa
Brinell hardness736 MPa
CAS Number7440-03-1
History
DiscoveryCharles Hatchett (1801)
First isolationChristian Wilhelm Blomstrand (1864)
Recognized as a distinct element byHeinrich Rose (1844)
Main isotopes of niobium
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
90Nb syn 14.6 h β+ 90Zr
91Nb syn 680 y ε 91Zr
91mNb syn 60.86 d IT 91Nb
92Nb syn 10.15 d ε 92Zr
γ -
92Nb syn 3.47×107y ε 92Zr
γ -
93Nb 100% - (SF)
93mNb syn 16.13 y IT 93Nb
94Nb syn 20300 y β 94Mo
γ -
95Nb syn 34.991 d β 95Mo
γ -
95mNb syn 3.61 d IT 95Nb
96Nb syn 23.4 h β 96Mo
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
Category Category: Niobium
| references

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

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