Template:Infobox gold

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Gold, 79Au
Gold nugget (Australia) 4 (16848647509).jpg
Gold
Appearancemetallic yellow
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Au)Template:Val[1]
Gold in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) Ag

Au

Rg
platinumgoldmercury
Atomic number (Z)79
Groupgroup 11
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1337.33 K ​(1064.18 °C, ​1947.52 °F)
Boiling point3243 K ​(2970 °C, ​5378 °F)
Density (near r.t.)19.30 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)17.31 g/cm3
Heat of fusion12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization342 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.418 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1646 1814 2021 2281 2620 3078
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.54
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 890.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 144 pm
Covalent radius136±6 pm
Van der Waals radius166 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of gold
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face centered cubic crystal structure for gold
Speed of sound thin rod2030 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion14.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity318 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity22.14 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[3]
Magnetic susceptibility−28.0·10−6 cm3/mol (at 296 K)[4]
Tensile strength120 MPa
Young's modulus79 GPa
Shear modulus27 GPa
Bulk modulus180 GPa[5]
Poisson ratio0.4
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness188–216 MPa
Brinell hardness188–245 MPa
CAS Number7440-57-5
History
Namingfrom Latin aurum, meaning gold
DiscoveryIn the Middle East (before 6000 BCE)
Main isotopes of gold
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
195Au syn 186.10 d ε 195Pt
196Au syn 6.183 d ε 196Pt
β 196Hg
197Au 100% stable
198Au syn 2.69517 d β 198Hg
199Au syn 3.169 d β 199Hg
Category Category: Gold
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]

data m.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1064.18
K 1337.33 1337.33 0
F 1947.52 1947.52 0 Template:Subpage other
max precision 2
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 1064.18, K: 1337.33, F: 1947.52
comment
data b.p. cat
in calc from C diff report ref
C 2970
K 3243 3240 3 delta
F 5378 5380 -2 delta Template:Subpage other
max precision 0
WD Template:Wikidata Script error: No such module "EditAtWikidata". Template:Wikidata
input C: 2970, K: 3243, F: 5378
comment
Pt ←

i'box Pt

iso
79
Au (E)
→ Hg

i'box Hg

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel (1999). "Gold(I) and Gold(0) Complexes of Phosphinine‐Based Macrocycles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 38 (21): 3194–3197. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10556900.
  3. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  5. Kelly, P. F. (2015). Properties of Materials. CRC Press. p. 355. ISBN 978-1-4822-0624-1.

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