Template:Infobox fluorine/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Fluorine, 9F
Small sample of pale yellow liquid fluorine condensed in liquid nitrogen
Liquid fluorine (at extremely low temperatures)
Fluorine
Pronunciation
Appearancegas: very pale yellow
liquid: bright yellow
solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(F)Template:Val[1]
Fluorine in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) -

F

Cl
oxygenfluorineneon
Atomic number (Z)9
Groupgroup 17 (halogens)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p5[2]
Electrons per shell2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point53.48 K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 °F)[3]
Boiling point85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 °F)[3]
Density (at STP)1.696 g/L[4]
when liquid (at b.p.)1.505 g/cm3[5]
Triple point53.48 K, ​90 kPa[3]
Critical point144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3]
Heat of vaporization6.51 kJ/mol[4]
Molar heat capacityCp: 31 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1 (oxidizes oxygen)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.98[2]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1681 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3374 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 6147 kJ/mol
  • (more)[6]
Covalent radius64 pm[7]
Van der Waals radius135 pm[8]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of fluorine
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurealpha: ​base-centered monoclinic[9]
Monoclinic base-centered crystal structure for alpha: fluorine

(low-temperature)
Thermal conductivity0.02591 W/(m·K)[10]
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[11][12]
CAS Number7782-41-4[2]
History
Namingafter the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
DiscoveryAndré-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolationHenri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886)
Named byHumphry Davy
Main isotopes of fluorine
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
18F trace 109.77 min β+ (96.9%) 18O
ε (3.1%) 18O
19F 100% stable
reference[13]
Category Category: Fluorine
| references

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
  6. Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
  7. Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
  8. Matsui 2006, p. 257.
  9. Young 1975, p. 10.
  10. Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
  11. Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
  12. Cheng et al. 1999.
  13. Chisté & Bé 2011.

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