[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
Beryllium, 4Be |
Beryllium |
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Pronunciation | (Template:Respell) |
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Appearance | white-gray metallic |
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Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Be) | Template:Val[1] |
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Beryllium in the periodic table |
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Atomic number (Z) | 4 |
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Group | group 2 (alkaline earth metals) |
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Period | period 2 |
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Block | s-block |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 2 |
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Physical properties |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1560 K (1287 °C, 2349 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2742 K (2469 °C, 4476 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 1.85 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 1.690 g/cm3 |
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Critical point | 5205 K, MPa (extrapolated) |
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Heat of fusion | 12.2 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 292 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 16.443 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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at T (K)
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1462
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1608
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1791
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2023
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2327
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2742
|
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Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | 0,[2] +1,[3] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.57 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 899.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1757.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 14,848.7 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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Atomic radius | empirical: 112 pm |
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Covalent radius | 96±3 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 153 pm |
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Spectral lines of beryllium |
Other properties |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | hexagonal close-packed (hcp) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 12,890 m/s (at r.t.)[4] |
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Thermal expansion | 11.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 36 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic |
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Magnetic susceptibility | −9.0·10−6 cm3/mol[5] |
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Young's modulus | 287 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 132 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 130 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.032 |
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Mohs hardness | 5.5 |
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Vickers hardness | 1670 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 590–1320 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-41-7 |
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History |
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Discovery | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
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First isolation | Friedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy (1828) |
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Main isotopes of beryllium |
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Category: Beryllium | references |
[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as
- <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
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