Template:Infobox fluorine/sandbox
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![]() Liquid fluorine (at extremely low temperatures) | ||||||||||||||||||
Fluorine | ||||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | ||||||||||||||||||
Appearance | gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent | |||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(F) | Template:Val[1] | |||||||||||||||||
Fluorine in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
Group | group 17 (halogens) | |||||||||||||||||
Period | period 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | |||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p5[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 7 | |||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | gas | |||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 53.48 K (−219.67 °C, −363.41 °F)[3] | |||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 85.03 K (−188.11 °C, −306.60 °F)[3] | |||||||||||||||||
Density (at STP) | 1.696 g/L[4] | |||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at b.p.) | 1.505 g/cm3[5] | |||||||||||||||||
Triple point | 53.48 K, 90 kPa[3] | |||||||||||||||||
Critical point | 144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3] | |||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 6.51 kJ/mol[4] | |||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | Cp: 31 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C) Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C) | |||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −1 (oxidizes oxygen) | |||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 3.98[2] | |||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies | ||||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 64 pm[7] | |||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 135 pm[8] | |||||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of fluorine | ||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | alpha: base-centered monoclinic[9] (low-temperature) | |||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 0.02591 W/(m·K)[10] | |||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[11][12] | |||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7782-41-4[2] | |||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||
Naming | after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting) | |||||||||||||||||
Discovery | André-Marie Ampère (1810) | |||||||||||||||||
First isolation | Henri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886) | |||||||||||||||||
Named by | Humphry Davy | |||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of fluorine | ||||||||||||||||||
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reference[13] | ||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
- ↑ Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
- ↑ Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
- ↑ Matsui 2006, p. 257.
- ↑ Young 1975, p. 10.
- ↑ Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
- ↑ Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
- ↑ Cheng et al. 1999.
- ↑ Chisté & Bé 2011.
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