Template:Infobox fluorine/sandbox

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Fluorine, 9F
Small sample of pale yellow liquid fluorine condensed in liquid nitrogen
Liquid fluorine (at extremely low temperatures)
Fluorine
Pronunciation
Appearancegas: very pale yellow
liquid: bright yellow
solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(F)Template:Val[1]
Fluorine in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro) -

F

Cl
oxygenfluorineneon
Atomic number (Z)9
Groupgroup 17 (halogens)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p5[2]
Electrons per shell2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point53.48 K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 °F)[3]
Boiling point85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 °F)[3]
Density (at STP)1.696 g/L[4]
when liquid (at b.p.)1.505 g/cm3[5]
Triple point53.48 K, ​90 kPa[3]
Critical point144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa[3]
Heat of vaporization6.51 kJ/mol[4]
Molar heat capacityCp: 31 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Cv: 23 J/(mol·K)[5] (at 21.1 °C)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1 (oxidizes oxygen)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.98[2]
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1681 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 3374 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 6147 kJ/mol
  • (more)[6]
Covalent radius64 pm[7]
Van der Waals radius135 pm[8]
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of fluorine
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurealpha: ​base-centered monoclinic[9]
Monoclinic base-centered crystal structure for alpha: fluorine

(low-temperature)
Thermal conductivity0.02591 W/(m·K)[10]
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)[11][12]
CAS Number7782-41-4[2]
History
Namingafter the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
DiscoveryAndré-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolationHenri Moissan[2] (June 26, 1886)
Named byHumphry Davy
Main isotopes of fluorine
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
18F trace 109.77 min β+ (96.9%) 18O
ε (3.1%) 18O
19F 100% stable
reference[13]
Category Category: Fluorine
| references

References

  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 381.
  3. Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Haynes 2011, p. 4.121.
  4. Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Jaccaud et al. 2000, p. 382.
  5. Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 Compressed Gas Association 1999, p. 365.
  6. Dean 1999, p. 4.6.
  7. Dean 1999, p. 4.35.
  8. Matsui 2006, p. 257.
  9. Young 1975, p. 10.
  10. Yaws & Braker 2001, p. 385.
  11. Mackay, Mackay & Henderson 2002, p. 72.
  12. Cheng et al. 1999.
  13. Chisté & Bé 2011.

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