Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/overview-oxidation-state

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Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
Z Name Symbol complete main group val note
 
1 hydrogen H −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) −1, +1 1 I
2 helium He 0 0 18 0
3 lithium Li +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
4 beryllium Be 0,[1] +1,[2] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 2 II
5 boron B −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 13 III
6 carbon C −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 14 IV
7 nitrogen N −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
8 oxygen O −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 −2 16 VI
9 fluorine F −1 (oxidizes oxygen) −1 17 VII
10 neon Ne 0 0 18 0
11 sodium Na −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
12 magnesium Mg +1,[9] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
13 aluminium Al −2, −1, +1,[10] +2,[11] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
14 silicon Si −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[12] +1,[13] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +4 14 IV
15 phosphorus P −3, −2, −1, 0,[14] +1,[15] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
16 sulfur S −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
17 chlorine Cl −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
18 argon Ar 0 0 18 0
19 potassium K −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
20 calcium Ca +1,[16] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
21 scandium Sc 0,[17] +1,[18] +2,[19] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 3 III
22 titanium Ti −2, −1, 0,[20] +1, +2, +3, +4[21] (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
23 vanadium V −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 5 V
24 chromium Cr −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 6 VI
25 manganese Mn −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +4, +7 7 VII
26 iron Fe −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[22] +2, +3, +4, +5,[23] +6, +7[24] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 8 VIII
27 cobalt Co −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[25] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3 9 VIII
28 nickel Ni −2, −1, 0, +1,[26] +2, +3, +4[27] (a mildly basic oxide) +2 10 VIII
29 copper Cu −2, 0,[28] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 11 I
30 zinc Zn −2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 12 II
31 gallium Ga −5, −4, −3,[29] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[30] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
32 germanium Ge −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[31] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
33 arsenic As −3, −2, −1, 0,[32] +1,[33] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
34 selenium Se −2, −1, +1,[34] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
35 bromine Br −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5 17 VII
36 krypton Kr 0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) 0 18 0
37 rubidium Rb −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
38 strontium Sr +1,[35] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
39 yttrium Y 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 III
40 zirconium Zr −2, 0, +1,[37] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
41 niobium Nb −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
42 molybdenum Mo −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[38] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
43 technetium Tc −3, −1, 0, +1,[39] +2, +3,[39] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +7 7 VII
44 ruthenium Ru −4, −2, 0, +1,[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3, +4 8 VIII
45 rhodium Rh −3[41], −1, 0, +1,[42] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 9 VIII
46 palladium Pd 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) 0, +2, +4 10 VIII
47 silver Ag −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +1 11 I
48 cadmium Cd −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +2 12 II
49 indium In −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[43] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
50 tin Sn −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[44] +1,[45] +2, +3,[46] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
51 antimony Sb −3, −2, −1, 0,[47] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
52 tellurium Te −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
53 iodine I −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
54 xenon Xe 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) 0 18 0
55 caesium Cs −1, +1[48] (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
56 barium Ba +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
57 lanthanum La 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
58 cerium Ce +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3, +4 n/a -
59 praseodymium Pr 0,[36] +1,[49] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
60 neodymium Nd 0,[36] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
61 promethium Pm +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
62 samarium Sm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
63 europium Eu 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +3 n/a -
64 gadolinium Gd 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
65 terbium Tb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
66 dysprosium Dy 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
67 holmium Ho 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
68 erbium Er 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
69 thulium Tm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
70 ytterbium Yb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
71 lutetium Lu 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 -
72 hafnium Hf −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
73 tantalum Ta −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
74 tungsten W −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
75 rhenium Re −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 7 VII
76 osmium Os −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 8 VIII
77 iridium Ir −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[50] +3, +4 9 VIII
78 platinum Pt −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +4 10 VIII
79 gold Au −3, −2, −1, 0,[51] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +1, +3 11 I
80 mercury Hg −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 12 II
81 thallium Tl −5,[52] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +3 13 III
82 lead Pb −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +4 14 IV
83 bismuth Bi −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 15 V
84 polonium Po −2, +2, +4, +5,[53] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) −2, +2, +4 16 VI
85 astatine At −1, +1, +3, +5, +7[54] −1, +1 17 VII
86 radon Rn 0, +2, +6 0 18 0
87 francium Fr +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
88 radium Ra +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
89 actinium Ac +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
90 thorium Th +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +4 n/a -
91 protactinium Pa +2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) +5 n/a -
92 uranium U +1, +2, +3,[55] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +6 n/a -
93 neptunium Np +2, +3, +4,[56] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 n/a -
94 plutonium Pu +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 n/a -
95 americium Am +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
96 curium Cm +3, +4, +5,[57] +6[58] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
97 berkelium Bk +2, +3, +4, +5[57] +3 n/a -
98 californium Cf +2, +3, +4, +5[59][57] +3 n/a -
99 einsteinium Es +2, +3, +4 +3 n/a -
100 fermium Fm +2, +3 +3 n/a -
101 mendelevium Md +2, +3 +3 n/a -
102 nobelium No +2, +3 +2 n/a -
103 lawrencium Lr +3 +3 3 -
104 rutherfordium Rf (+2), (+3), +4[60][61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), +4 (parenthesized: prediction) 4 IV
105 dubnium Db (+3), (+4), +5[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) +5 5 V
106 seaborgium Sg 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+4), +6 (parenthesized: prediction) 6 VI
107 bohrium Bh (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (parenthesized: prediction) 7 VII
108 hassium Hs (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8[63][62][64] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), (+4) (parenthesized: prediction) 8 VIII
109 meitnerium Mt (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62] (+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) 9 VIII
110 darmstadtium Ds (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62] (0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) 10 VIII
111 roentgenium Rg (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67] (+3) (predicted) 11 I
112 copernicium Cn 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (parenthesized: prediction)[61][68][62] 0, +2 12 II
113 nihonium Nh (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69] (+1), (+3) (predicted) 13 III
114 flerovium Fl (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70] (+2) (predicted) 14 IV
115 moscovium Mc (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62] (+1), (+3) (predicted) 15 V
116 livermorium Lv (−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] (+2) (predicted) 16 VI
117 tennessine Ts (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61] (+1), (+3) (predicted) 17 VII
118 oganesson Og (−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted) (+2), (+4) (predicted) 18 0
119 ununennium Uue (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61] (+1) (predicted) 1 I
120 unbinilium Ubn (+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] (+2) (predicted) 2 II
121 unbiunium Ubu (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75] (+3) (predicted) III
122 unbibium Ubb (+4) (predicted)[76] (+4) (predicted) -
123 unbitrium Ubt (+5) (predicted)[76] (+5) (predicted)
124 unbiquadium Ubq (+6) (predicted)[76] (+6) (predicted)
125 unbipentium Ubp (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76] (+6), (+7) (predicted)
126 unbihexium Ubh (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76] (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)

References

  1. ↑ Be(0) has been observed; see "Beryllium(0) Complex Found". Chemistry Europe. 13 June 2016.
  2. ↑ "Beryllium: Beryllium(I) Hydride compound data" (PDF). bernath.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
  3. ↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
  4. ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
  5. ↑ Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in German). p. 139.
  6. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  7. ↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  8. ↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  9. ↑ Bernath, P. F.; Black, J. H.; Brault, J. W. (1985). "The spectrum of magnesium hydride" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal. 298: 375. Bibcode:1985ApJ...298..375B. doi:10.1086/163620. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
  11. ↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.
  12. ↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
  13. ↑ Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190 (2): 341–352. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582. PMID 9668026.
  14. ↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
  15. ↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
  16. ↑ Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
  17. ↑ F. Geoffrey N. Cloke; Karl Khan; Robin N. Perutz (1991). "η-Arene complexes of scandium(0) and scandium(II)". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (19): 1372–1373. doi:10.1039/C39910001372. Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ Smith, R. E. (1973). "Diatomic Hydride and Deuteride Spectra of the Second Row Transition Metals". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 332 (1588): 113–127. Bibcode:1973RSPSA.332..113S. doi:10.1098/rspa.1973.0015. S2CID 96908213.
  19. ↑ McGuire, Joseph C.; Kempter, Charles P. (1960). "Preparation and Properties of Scandium Dihydride". Journal of Chemical Physics. 33 (5): 1584–1585. Bibcode:1960JChPh..33.1584M. doi:10.1063/1.1731452.
  20. ↑ Jilek, Robert E.; Tripepi, Giovanna; Urnezius, Eugenijus; Brennessel, William W.; Young, Victor G., Jr.; Ellis, John E. (2007). "Zerovalent titanium–sulfur complexes. Novel dithiocarbamato derivatives of Ti(CO)6: [Ti(CO)4(S2CNR2)]−". Chem. Commun. (25): 2639–2641. doi:10.1039/B700808B. PMID 17579764.
  21. ↑ Andersson, N.; et al. (2003). "Emission spectra of TiH and TiD near 938 nm" (PDF). J. Chem. Phys. 118 (8): 10543. Bibcode:2003JChPh.118.3543A. doi:10.1063/1.1539848.
  22. ↑ Ram, R. S.; Bernath, P. F. (2003). "Fourier transform emission spectroscopy of the g4Δ–a4Δ system of FeCl". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 221 (2): 261. Bibcode:2003JMoSp.221..261R. doi:10.1016/S0022-2852(03)00225-X.
  23. ↑ Demazeau, G.; Buffat, B.; Pouchard, M.; Hagenmuller, P. (1982). "Recent developments in the field of high oxidation states of transition elements in oxides stabilization of six-coordinated Iron(V)". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 491: 60–66. doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910109.
  24. ↑ Lu, J.; Jian, J.; Huang, W.; Lin, H.; Li, J; Zhou, M. (2016). "Experimental and theoretical identification of the Fe(VII) oxidation state in FeO4−". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 18 (45): 31125–31131. Bibcode:2016PCCP...1831125L. doi:10.1039/C6CP06753K. PMID 27812577.
  25. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1117–1119. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  26. ↑ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (18): 3357–61. doi:10.1002/anie.200805862. PMID 19322853.
  27. ↑ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 48 (2): 290–4. doi:10.1002/anie.200804435. PMID 19021174.
  28. ↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
  29. ↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Dürr, Ines; Bauer, Britta; Röhr, Caroline (2011). "Lanthan-Triel/Tetrel-ide La(Al,Ga)x(Si,Ge)1-x. Experimentelle und theoretische Studien zur Stabilität intermetallischer 1:1-Phasen" (PDF). Z. Naturforsch. (in German). 66b: 1107–1121.
  30. ↑ Hofmann, Patrick (1997). Colture. Ein Programm zur interaktiven Visualisierung von Festkörperstrukturen sowie Synthese, Struktur und Eigenschaften von binären und ternären Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallgalliden (PDF) (Thesis) (in German). PhD Thesis, ETH Zurich. p. 72. doi:10.3929/ethz-a-001859893. hdl:20.500.11850/143357. ISBN 978-3728125972.
  31. ↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
  32. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  33. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  34. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  35. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  36. ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  37. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  38. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  40. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  41. ↑ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
  42. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  43. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  44. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  45. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  46. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  47. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  48. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  49. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  50. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  51. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  52. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  53. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  54. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  55. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  56. ↑ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  58. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  59. ↑ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
  60. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  61. ↑ 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  62. ↑ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  63. ↑ Hoffman 2006, p. 1691.
  64. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  65. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  66. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  67. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  68. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  69. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  70. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  71. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  72. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  74. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  75. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

See also

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