Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/overview-oxidation-state

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Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
Z Name Symbol complete main group val note
 
1 hydrogen H −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) −1, +1 1 I
2 helium He 0 0 18 0
3 lithium Li +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
4 beryllium Be 0,[1] +1,[2] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 2 II
5 boron B −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 13 III
6 carbon C −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 14 IV
7 nitrogen N −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
8 oxygen O −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 −2 16 VI
9 fluorine F −1 (oxidizes oxygen) −1 17 VII
10 neon Ne 0 0 18 0
11 sodium Na −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
12 magnesium Mg +1,[9] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
13 aluminium Al −2, −1, +1,[10] +2,[11] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
14 silicon Si −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[12] +1,[13] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +4 14 IV
15 phosphorus P −3, −2, −1, 0,[14] +1,[15] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
16 sulfur S −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
17 chlorine Cl −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
18 argon Ar 0 0 18 0
19 potassium K −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
20 calcium Ca +1,[16] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
21 scandium Sc 0,[17] +1,[18] +2,[19] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 3 III
22 titanium Ti −2, −1, 0,[20] +1, +2, +3, +4[21] (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
23 vanadium V −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 5 V
24 chromium Cr −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 6 VI
25 manganese Mn −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +4, +7 7 VII
26 iron Fe −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[22] +2, +3, +4, +5,[23] +6, +7[24] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 8 VIII
27 cobalt Co −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[25] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3 9 VIII
28 nickel Ni −2, −1, 0, +1,[26] +2, +3, +4[27] (a mildly basic oxide) +2 10 VIII
29 copper Cu −2, 0,[28] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 11 I
30 zinc Zn −2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 12 II
31 gallium Ga −5, −4, −3,[29] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[30] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
32 germanium Ge −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[31] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
33 arsenic As −3, −2, −1, 0,[32] +1,[33] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
34 selenium Se −2, −1, +1,[34] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
35 bromine Br −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5 17 VII
36 krypton Kr 0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) 0 18 0
37 rubidium Rb −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
38 strontium Sr +1,[35] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
39 yttrium Y 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 III
40 zirconium Zr −2, 0, +1,[37] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
41 niobium Nb −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
42 molybdenum Mo −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[38] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
43 technetium Tc −3, −1, 0, +1,[39] +2, +3,[39] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +7 7 VII
44 ruthenium Ru −4, −2, 0, +1,[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3, +4 8 VIII
45 rhodium Rh −3[41], −1, 0, +1,[42] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 9 VIII
46 palladium Pd 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) 0, +2, +4 10 VIII
47 silver Ag −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +1 11 I
48 cadmium Cd −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +2 12 II
49 indium In −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[43] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
50 tin Sn −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[44] +1,[45] +2, +3,[46] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
51 antimony Sb −3, −2, −1, 0,[47] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
52 tellurium Te −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
53 iodine I −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
54 xenon Xe 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) 0 18 0
55 caesium Cs −1, +1[48] (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
56 barium Ba +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
57 lanthanum La 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
58 cerium Ce +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3, +4 n/a -
59 praseodymium Pr 0,[36] +1,[49] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
60 neodymium Nd 0,[36] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
61 promethium Pm +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
62 samarium Sm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
63 europium Eu 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +3 n/a -
64 gadolinium Gd 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
65 terbium Tb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
66 dysprosium Dy 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
67 holmium Ho 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
68 erbium Er 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
69 thulium Tm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
70 ytterbium Yb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
71 lutetium Lu 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 -
72 hafnium Hf −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
73 tantalum Ta −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
74 tungsten W −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
75 rhenium Re −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 7 VII
76 osmium Os −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 8 VIII
77 iridium Ir −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[50] +3, +4 9 VIII
78 platinum Pt −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +4 10 VIII
79 gold Au −3, −2, −1, 0,[51] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +1, +3 11 I
80 mercury Hg −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 12 II
81 thallium Tl −5,[52] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +3 13 III
82 lead Pb −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +4 14 IV
83 bismuth Bi −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 15 V
84 polonium Po −2, +2, +4, +5,[53] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) −2, +2, +4 16 VI
85 astatine At −1, +1, +3, +5, +7[54] −1, +1 17 VII
86 radon Rn 0, +2, +6 0 18 0
87 francium Fr +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
88 radium Ra +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
89 actinium Ac +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
90 thorium Th +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +4 n/a -
91 protactinium Pa +2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) +5 n/a -
92 uranium U +1, +2, +3,[55] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +6 n/a -
93 neptunium Np +2, +3, +4,[56] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 n/a -
94 plutonium Pu +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 n/a -
95 americium Am +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
96 curium Cm +3, +4, +5,[57] +6[58] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
97 berkelium Bk +2, +3, +4, +5[57] +3 n/a -
98 californium Cf +2, +3, +4, +5[59][57] +3 n/a -
99 einsteinium Es +2, +3, +4 +3 n/a -
100 fermium Fm +2, +3 +3 n/a -
101 mendelevium Md +2, +3 +3 n/a -
102 nobelium No +2, +3 +2 n/a -
103 lawrencium Lr +3 +3 3 -
104 rutherfordium Rf (+2), (+3), +4[60][61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), +4 (parenthesized: prediction) 4 IV
105 dubnium Db (+3), (+4), +5[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) +5 5 V
106 seaborgium Sg 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+4), +6 (parenthesized: prediction) 6 VI
107 Bohrium Bh (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
7 VII
108 Hs: Hassium Hs (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+2), (+3), (+4), (+5), (+6), +8[61][64][62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
(+3), (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+2), (+4), (+6), +8 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
8 VIII
109 Mt: Meitnerium Mt (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62]
(+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62] [sbox]
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted)
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) [sbox]
9 VIII
110 Ds: Darmstadtium Ds (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62]
(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox]
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted)
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) [sbox]
10 VIII
111 Rg: Roentgenium Rg (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67] [sbox]
(+3) (predicted)
(+3) (predicted) [sbox]
11 I
112 Cn: Copernicium Cn 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62]
0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62] [sbox]
0, +2
0, +2 [sbox]
12 II
113 Nh: Nihonium Nh (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
13 III
114 Fl: Flerovium Fl (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70]
(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
14 IV
115 Mc: Moscovium Mc (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
15 V
116 Lv: Livermorium Lv (−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61]
(−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
16 VI
117 Ts: Tennessine Ts (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
17 VII
118 Og: Oganesson Og (−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted)
(−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted) [sbox]
(+2), (+4) (predicted)
(+2), (+4) (predicted) [sbox]
18 0
119 Uue: Ununennium Uue (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+1) (predicted)
(+1) (predicted) [sbox]
1 I
120 Ubn: Unbinilium Ubn (+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61]
(+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
2 II
121 Ubu: Unbiunium Ubu (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75] [sbox]
(+3) (predicted)
(+3) (predicted) [sbox]
III
122 Ubb: Unbibium Ubb (+4) (predicted)[76]
(+4) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+4) (predicted)
(+4) (predicted) [sbox]
-
123 Ubt: Unbitrium Ubt (+5) (predicted)[76]
(+5) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+5) (predicted)
(+5) (predicted) [sbox]
124 Ubq: Unbiquadium Ubq (+6) (predicted)[76]
(+6) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+6) (predicted)
(+6) (predicted) [sbox]
125 Ubp: Unbipentium Ubp (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76]
(+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+6), (+7) (predicted)
(+6), (+7) (predicted) [sbox]
126 Ubh: Unbihexium Ubh (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76]
(+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) [sbox]

References

  1. Be(0) has been observed; see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  2. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  3. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  4. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  5. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  6. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  7. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  8. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  9. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  10. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  11. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  12. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  13. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  14. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  15. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  16. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  17. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  18. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  19. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  20. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  21. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  22. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  23. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  24. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  25. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  26. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  27. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  28. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  29. Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  30. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  31. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  32. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  33. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  34. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  35. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  36. Jump up to: 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  37. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  38. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  39. Jump up to: 39.0 39.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  40. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  41. Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
  42. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  43. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  44. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  45. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  46. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  47. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  48. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  49. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  50. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  51. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  52. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  53. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  54. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  55. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  56. Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  57. Jump up to: 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  58. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  59. Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
  60. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  61. Jump up to: 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 61.18 61.19 61.20 61.21 61.22 61.23 61.24 61.25 61.26 61.27 61.28 61.29 61.30 61.31 61.32 61.33 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  62. Jump up to: 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 62.13 62.14 62.15 62.16 62.17 62.18 62.19 62.20 62.21 62.22 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BFricke" defined multiple times with different content
  63. Jump up to: 63.0 63.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "hassocene" defined multiple times with different content
  64. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  65. Jump up to: 65.0 65.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MtX4" defined multiple times with different content
  66. Jump up to: 66.0 66.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  67. Jump up to: 67.0 67.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "hepta" defined multiple times with different content
  68. Jump up to: 68.0 68.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "superheavy chemistry" defined multiple times with different content
  69. Jump up to: 69.0 69.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer pp63-67" defined multiple times with different content
  70. Jump up to: 70.0 70.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Schwerdtfeger" defined multiple times with different content
  71. Jump up to: 71.0 71.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer p83" defined multiple times with different content
  72. Jump up to: 72.0 72.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  73. Jump up to: 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Kaldor" defined multiple times with different content
  74. Jump up to: 74.0 74.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer" defined multiple times with different content
  75. Jump up to: 75.0 75.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  76. Jump up to: 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.5 76.6 76.7 76.8 76.9 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

See also