Template:Infobox carbon

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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]

Carbon, 6C
Graphite-and-diamond-with-scale.jpg
Graphite (left) and diamond (right), two allotropes of carbon
Carbon
Allotropesgraphite, diamond, others
AppearanceTemplate:Ubl
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(C)[[[:Template:Val]], Template:Val] conventional: Template:Val
Carbon in the periodic table
Template:Periodic table (32 columns, micro)

C

Si
boroncarbonnitrogen
Atomic number (Z)6
Groupgroup 14 (carbon group)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Element categories, sometimes considered a metalloid
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell2, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Sublimation point3915 K ​(3642 °C, ​6588 °F)
Density (near r.t.)amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3[1]
graphite: 2.267 g/cm3
diamond: 3.515 g/cm3
Triple point4600 K, ​10,800 kPa[2][3]
Heat of fusiongraphite: 117 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacitygraphite: 8.517 J/(mol·K)
diamond: 6.155 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[4] +2, +3,[5] +4[6] (a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1086.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2352.6 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4620.5 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radiussp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm
Van der Waals radius170 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of carbon
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structuregraphite: ​simple hexagonal
Simple hexagonal crystal structure for graphite: carbon

(black)
Crystal structurediamond: ​face-centered diamond-cubic
Diamond cubic crystal structure for diamond: carbon

(clear)
Speed of sound thin roddiamond: 18,350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansiondiamond: 0.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)[7]
Thermal conductivitygraphite: 119–165 W/(m·K)
diamond: 900–2300 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivitygraphite: 7.837 µΩ·m[8]
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[9]
Magnetic susceptibility−5.9·10−6 (graph.) cm3/mol[10]
Young's modulusdiamond: 1050 GPa[7]
Shear modulusdiamond: 478 GPa[7]
Bulk modulusdiamond: 442 GPa[7]
Poisson ratiodiamond: 0.1[7]
Mohs hardnessgraphite: 1–2
diamond: 10
CAS NumberTemplate:Ubl
History
DiscoveryEgyptians and Sumerians[11] (3750 BCE)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier[12] (1789)
Main isotopes of carbon
[[Isotope|IsoTemplate:Shytope]] [[Natural abundance|AbunTemplate:Shydance]] Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode [[Decay product|ProTemplate:Shyduct]]
11C syn 20 min β+ 11B
12C 98.9% stable
13C 1.1% stable
14C trace 5730 y β 14N
Category Category: Carbon
| references

[[Category:Infobox templates|Template:Remove first word]]Check temperatures C: no input for C, K, F.

Check temperatures C: no input for C, K, F.

B ←

i'box B

iso
6
C (E)
→ N

i'box N

  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03)
See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

References

  1. Template:RubberBible86th
  2. Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357–361. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
  3. Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115–1142. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
  4. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  5. "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  6. "Carbon: Binary compounds". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  7. Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
  8. "Material Properties- Misc Materials". www.nde-ed.org. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  9. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
  10. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 978-0-8493-0464-4.
  11. "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
  12. Senese, Fred (2000-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Retrieved 2007-11-24.

Four of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CRC" /> for the source CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
  • <ref name="triple2" /> for the source by Haaland
  • <ref name="triple3" /> for the Savvatimskiy
  • <ref name="ioffe" /> for the Ioffe Institute Database

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