Template:Infobox boron/sandbox
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[[Category:Template:Pagetype with short description]]
![]() boron (β-rhombohedral)[1] | ||||||||||||||||
Boron | ||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation | /ˈbɔːrɒn/ | |||||||||||||||
Appearance | black-brown | |||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(B) | [[[:Template:Val]], Template:Val] conventional: Template:Val | |||||||||||||||
Boron in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Group | group 13 (boron group) | |||||||||||||||
Period | period 2 | |||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | |||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p1 | |||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 3 | |||||||||||||||
Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | |||||||||||||||
Melting point | 2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F) | |||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F) | |||||||||||||||
Density when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.08 g/cm3 | |||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 508 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 11.087 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −5, −1, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3[3][4] (a mildly acidic oxide) | |||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.04 | |||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 90 pm | |||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 84±3 pm | |||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 192 pm | |||||||||||||||
Spectral lines of boron | ||||||||||||||||
Other properties | ||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | rhombohedral | |||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 16,200 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | β form: 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)[5] | |||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 27.4 W/(m·K) | |||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | ~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic[6] | |||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | ~9.5 | |||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-42-8 | |||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard[7] (30 June 1808) | |||||||||||||||
First isolation | Humphry Davy[8] (9 July 1808) | |||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of boron | ||||||||||||||||
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10B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. 11B is the remainder in such cases.[10] | ||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
- ↑ Braunschweig, H.; Dewhurst, R. D.; Hammond, K.; Mies, J.; Radacki, K.; Vargas, A. (2012). "Ambient-Temperature Isolation of a Compound with a Boron-Boron Triple Bond". Science. 336 (6087): 1420–2. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1420B. doi:10.1126/science.1221138. PMID 22700924. S2CID 206540959.
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170 (1): 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.
- ↑ Melanie Schroeder. Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden (PDF) (in German). p. 139.
- ↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique," Annales de chimie [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.
- ↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 33–104.
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
- ↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
- ↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
- ↑ Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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