Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/overview-oxidation-state

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Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
Z Name Symbol complete main group val note
 
1 hydrogen H −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) −1, +1 1 I
2 helium He 0 0 18 0
3 lithium Li +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
4 beryllium Be 0,[1] +1,[2] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 2 II
5 boron B −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 13 III
6 carbon C −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 14 IV
7 nitrogen N −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
8 oxygen O −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 −2 16 VI
9 fluorine F −1 (oxidizes oxygen) −1 17 VII
10 neon Ne 0 0 18 0
11 sodium Na −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
12 magnesium Mg +1,[9] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
13 aluminium Al −2, −1, +1,[10] +2,[11] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
14 silicon Si −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[12] +1,[13] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +4 14 IV
15 phosphorus P −3, −2, −1, 0,[14] +1,[15] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
16 sulfur S −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
17 chlorine Cl −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
18 argon Ar 0 0 18 0
19 potassium K −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
20 calcium Ca +1,[16] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
21 scandium Sc 0,[17] +1,[18] +2,[19] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 3 III
22 titanium Ti −2, −1, 0,[20] +1, +2, +3, +4[21] (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
23 vanadium V −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 5 V
24 chromium Cr −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 6 VI
25 manganese Mn −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) +2, +4, +7 7 VII
26 iron Fe −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[22] +2, +3, +4, +5,[23] +6, +7[24] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3, +6 8 VIII
27 cobalt Co −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[25] (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +3 9 VIII
28 nickel Ni −2, −1, 0, +1,[26] +2, +3, +4[27] (a mildly basic oxide) +2 10 VIII
29 copper Cu −2, 0,[28] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 11 I
30 zinc Zn −2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) +2 12 II
31 gallium Ga −5, −4, −3,[29] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[30] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
32 germanium Ge −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[31] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
33 arsenic As −3, −2, −1, 0,[32] +1,[33] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
34 selenium Se −2, −1, +1,[34] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
35 bromine Br −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5 17 VII
36 krypton Kr 0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) 0 18 0
37 rubidium Rb −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
38 strontium Sr +1,[35] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
39 yttrium Y 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 III
40 zirconium Zr −2, 0, +1,[37] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
41 niobium Nb −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
42 molybdenum Mo −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[38] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
43 technetium Tc −3, −1, 0, +1,[39] +2, +3,[39] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) +4, +7 7 VII
44 ruthenium Ru −4, −2, 0, +1,[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3, +4 8 VIII
45 rhodium Rh −3[41], −1, 0, +1,[42] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 9 VIII
46 palladium Pd 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) 0, +2, +4 10 VIII
47 silver Ag −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) +1 11 I
48 cadmium Cd −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +2 12 II
49 indium In −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[43] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 13 III
50 tin Sn −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[44] +1,[45] +2, +3,[46] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) −4, +2, +4 14 IV
51 antimony Sb −3, −2, −1, 0,[47] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) −3, +3, +5 15 V
52 tellurium Te −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) −2, +2, +4, +6 16 VI
53 iodine I −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 17 VII
54 xenon Xe 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) 0 18 0
55 caesium Cs −1, +1[48] (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
56 barium Ba +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
57 lanthanum La 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
58 cerium Ce +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3, +4 n/a -
59 praseodymium Pr 0,[36] +1,[49] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
60 neodymium Nd 0,[36] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
61 promethium Pm +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
62 samarium Sm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
63 europium Eu 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +3 n/a -
64 gadolinium Gd 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
65 terbium Tb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
66 dysprosium Dy 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 n/a -
67 holmium Ho 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
68 erbium Er 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
69 thulium Tm 0,[36] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
70 ytterbium Yb 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) +3 n/a -
71 lutetium Lu 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) +3 3 -
72 hafnium Hf −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 4 IV
73 tantalum Ta −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +5 5 V
74 tungsten W −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4, +6 6 VI
75 rhenium Re −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 7 VII
76 osmium Os −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) +4 8 VIII
77 iridium Ir −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[50] +3, +4 9 VIII
78 platinum Pt −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) +2, +4 10 VIII
79 gold Au −3, −2, −1, 0,[51] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) +1, +3 11 I
80 mercury Hg −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +2 12 II
81 thallium Tl −5,[52] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) +1, +3 13 III
82 lead Pb −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) +2, +4 14 IV
83 bismuth Bi −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) +3 15 V
84 polonium Po −2, +2, +4, +5,[53] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) −2, +2, +4 16 VI
85 astatine At −1, +1, +3, +5, +7[54] −1, +1 17 VII
86 radon Rn 0, +2, +6 0 18 0
87 francium Fr +1 (a strongly basic oxide) +1 1 I
88 radium Ra +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) +2 2 II
89 actinium Ac +3 (a strongly basic oxide) +3 n/a III
90 thorium Th +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) +4 n/a -
91 protactinium Pa +2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) +5 n/a -
92 uranium U +1, +2, +3,[55] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) +6 n/a -
93 neptunium Np +2, +3, +4,[56] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +5 n/a -
94 plutonium Pu +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) +4 n/a -
95 americium Am +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
96 curium Cm +3, +4, +5,[57] +6[58] (an amphoteric oxide) +3 n/a -
97 berkelium Bk +2, +3, +4, +5[57] +3 n/a -
98 californium Cf +2, +3, +4, +5[59][57] +3 n/a -
99 einsteinium Es +2, +3, +4 +3 n/a -
100 fermium Fm +2, +3 +3 n/a -
101 mendelevium Md +2, +3 +3 n/a -
102 nobelium No +2, +3 +2 n/a -
103 lawrencium Lr +3 +3 3 -
104 rutherfordium Rf (+2), (+3), +4[60][61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), +4 (parenthesized: prediction) 4 IV
105 dubnium Db (+3), (+4), +5[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) +5 5 V
106 seaborgium Sg 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+4), +6 (parenthesized: prediction) 6 VI
107 bohrium Bh (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (parenthesized: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (parenthesized: prediction) 7 VII
108 Hassium Hs (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+2), (+3), (+4), (+5), (+6), +8[61][64][62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
(+3), (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)
(+2), (+4), (+6), +8 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox]
8 VIII
109 Mt: Meitnerium Mt (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62]
(+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62] [sbox]
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted)
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) [sbox]
9 VIII
110 Ds: Darmstadtium Ds (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62]
(0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox]
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted)
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) [sbox]
10 VIII
111 Rg: Roentgenium Rg (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67] [sbox]
(+3) (predicted)
(+3) (predicted) [sbox]
11 I
112 Cn: Copernicium Cn 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62]
0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62] [sbox]
0, +2
0, +2 [sbox]
12 II
113 Nh: Nihonium Nh (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
13 III
114 Fl: Flerovium Fl (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70]
(0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
14 IV
115 Mc: Moscovium Mc (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
15 V
116 Lv: Livermorium Lv (−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61]
(−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
16 VI
117 Ts: Tennessine Ts (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61]
(−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61] [sbox]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)
(+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox]
17 VII
118 Og: Oganesson Og (−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted)
(−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted) [sbox]
(+2), (+4) (predicted)
(+2), (+4) (predicted) [sbox]
18 0
119 Uue: Ununennium Uue (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+1) (predicted)
(+1) (predicted) [sbox]
1 I
120 Ubn: Unbinilium Ubn (+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61]
(+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox]
(+2) (predicted)
(+2) (predicted) [sbox]
2 II
121 Ubu: Unbiunium Ubu (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75]
(+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75] [sbox]
(+3) (predicted)
(+3) (predicted) [sbox]
III
122 Ubb: Unbibium Ubb (+4) (predicted)[76]
(+4) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+4) (predicted)
(+4) (predicted) [sbox]
-
123 Ubt: Unbitrium Ubt (+5) (predicted)[76]
(+5) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+5) (predicted)
(+5) (predicted) [sbox]
124 Ubq: Unbiquadium Ubq (+6) (predicted)[76]
(+6) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+6) (predicted)
(+6) (predicted) [sbox]
125 Ubp: Unbipentium Ubp (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76]
(+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+6), (+7) (predicted)
(+6), (+7) (predicted) [sbox]
126 Ubh: Unbihexium Ubh (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76]
(+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76] [sbox]
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) [sbox]

References

  1. Be(0) has been observed; see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  2. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  3. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  4. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  5. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  6. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  7. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  8. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  9. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  10. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  11. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  12. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  13. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  14. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  15. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  16. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  17. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  18. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  19. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  20. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  21. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  22. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  23. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  24. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  25. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  26. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  27. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  28. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  29. Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  30. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  31. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  32. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  33. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  34. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  35. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  36. 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  37. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  38. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  39. 39.0 39.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  40. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  41. Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
  42. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  43. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  44. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  45. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  46. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  47. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  48. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  49. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  50. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  51. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  52. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  53. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  54. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  55. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  56. Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  58. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  59. Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
  60. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  61. 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 61.18 61.19 61.20 61.21 61.22 61.23 61.24 61.25 61.26 61.27 61.28 61.29 61.30 61.31 61.32 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  62. 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 62.13 62.14 62.15 62.16 62.17 62.18 62.19 62.20 62.21 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "BFricke" defined multiple times with different content
  63. 63.0 63.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "hassocene" defined multiple times with different content
  64. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  65. 65.0 65.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MtX4" defined multiple times with different content
  66. 66.0 66.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  67. 67.0 67.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "hepta" defined multiple times with different content
  68. 68.0 68.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "superheavy chemistry" defined multiple times with different content
  69. 69.0 69.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer pp63-67" defined multiple times with different content
  70. 70.0 70.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Schwerdtfeger" defined multiple times with different content
  71. 71.0 71.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer p83" defined multiple times with different content
  72. 72.0 72.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  73. 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Kaldor" defined multiple times with different content
  74. 74.0 74.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Thayer" defined multiple times with different content
  75. 75.0 75.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
  76. 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.5 76.6 76.7 76.8 76.9 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

See also