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Yttrium, 39 File:Yttrium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg Yttrium Pronunciation (Template:Respell ) Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight A r, std (Y) Template:Val [1] Yttrium in the periodic table
Atomic number (Z ) 39 Group group 3 Period period 5 Block d-block Electron configuration [Kr ] 4d1 5s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase at STP solid Melting point 1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F) Boiling point 3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 4.472 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 4.24 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 11.42 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 363 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.53 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1883
2075
(2320)
(2627)
(3036)
(3607)
Atomic properties Oxidation states 0,[2] +3 basic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.22 Ionization energies 1st: 600 kJ/mol 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 180 pm Covalent radius 190±7 pm Spectral lines of yttriumOther properties Natural occurrence primordial Crystal structure hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Speed of sound thin rod 3300 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion α, poly: 10.6 µm/(m·K) (at r.t. ) Thermal conductivity 17.2 W/(m·K) Electrical resistivity α, poly: 596 nΩ·m (at r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [3] Magnetic susceptibility +2.15·10−6 cm3 /mol (2928 K)[4] Young's modulus 63.5 GPa Shear modulus 25.6 GPa Bulk modulus 41.2 GPa Poisson ratio 0.243 Brinell hardness 200–589 MPa CAS Number 7440-65-5 History Naming after Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite) Discovery Johan Gadolin (1794) First isolation Friedrich Wöhler (1838) Main isotopes of yttrium
Category: Yttrium references
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References These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305 ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev . 22 : 17–24. doi :10.1039/CS9932200017 . Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry . 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi :10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028 .
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
