Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/overview-oxidation-state
< Template:Infobox element | symbol-to-oxidation-state
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Revision as of 20:58, 4 February 2021 by imported>DePiep (Undid revision 1004869604 by Kepler-1229b (talk))

- Oxidation state data ( )
- Standard comments e.g., predicted ( )
- Technical: /overview-oxidation-state/row, /sandbox
- See also: Template:List of oxidation states of the elements/datacheck (compare with {{List of oxidation states of the elements}} data)
Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Subpages of this template. |
Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z | Name | Symbol | complete | main | group | val | note | ||
1 | hydrogen | H | −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) | −1, +1 | 1 | I | |||
2 | helium | He | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
3 | lithium | Li | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
4 | beryllium | Be | 0,[1] +1,[2] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
5 | boron | B | −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
6 | carbon | C | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
7 | nitrogen | N | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
8 | oxygen | O | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 | −2 | 16 | VI | |||
9 | fluorine | F | −1 (oxidizes oxygen) | −1 | 17 | VII | |||
10 | neon | Ne | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
11 | sodium | Na | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
12 | magnesium | Mg | +1,[9] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
13 | aluminium | Al | −2, −1, +1,[10] +2,[11] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
14 | silicon | Si | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[12] +1,[13] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
15 | phosphorus | P | −3, −2, −1, 0,[14] +1,[15] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
16 | sulfur | S | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
17 | chlorine | Cl | −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 | 17 | VII | |||
18 | argon | Ar | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
19 | potassium | K | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
20 | calcium | Ca | +1,[16] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
21 | scandium | Sc | 0,[17] +1,[18] +2,[19] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 3 | III | |||
22 | titanium | Ti | −2, −1, 0,[20] +1, +2, +3, +4[21] (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
23 | vanadium | V | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
24 | chromium | Cr | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
25 | manganese | Mn | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) | +2, +4, +7 | 7 | VII | |||
26 | iron | Fe | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[22] +2, +3, +4, +5,[23] +6, +7[24] (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3, +6 | 8 | VIII | |||
27 | cobalt | Co | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[25] (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3 | 9 | VIII | |||
28 | nickel | Ni | −2, −1, 0, +1,[26] +2, +3, +4[27] (a mildly basic oxide) | +2 | 10 | VIII | |||
29 | copper | Cu | −2, 0,[28] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +2 | 11 | I | |||
30 | zinc | Zn | −2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2 | 12 | II | |||
31 | gallium | Ga | −5, −4, −3,[29] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[30] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
32 | germanium | Ge | −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[31] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
33 | arsenic | As | −3, −2, −1, 0,[32] +1,[33] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
34 | selenium | Se | −2, −1, +1,[34] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
35 | bromine | Br | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5 | 17 | VII | |||
36 | krypton | Kr | 0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
37 | rubidium | Rb | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
38 | strontium | Sr | +1,[35] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
39 | yttrium | Y | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | 3 | III | |||
40 | zirconium | Zr | −2, 0, +1,[37] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
41 | niobium | Nb | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
42 | molybdenum | Mo | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[38] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | +4, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
43 | technetium | Tc | −3, −1, 0, +1,[39] +2, +3,[39] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | +4, +7 | 7 | VII | |||
44 | ruthenium | Ru | −4, −2, 0, +1,[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3, +4 | 8 | VIII | |||
45 | rhodium | Rh | −3[41], −1, 0, +1,[42] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 9 | VIII | |||
46 | palladium | Pd | 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | 0, +2, +4 | 10 | VIII | |||
47 | silver | Ag | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +1 | 11 | I | |||
48 | cadmium | Cd | −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2 | 12 | II | |||
49 | indium | In | −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[43] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
50 | tin | Sn | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[44] +1,[45] +2, +3,[46] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
51 | antimony | Sb | −3, −2, −1, 0,[47] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
52 | tellurium | Te | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
53 | iodine | I | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 | 17 | VII | |||
54 | xenon | Xe | 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
55 | caesium | Cs | −1, +1[48] (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
56 | barium | Ba | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
57 | lanthanum | La | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | III | |||
58 | cerium | Ce | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3, +4 | n/a | - | |||
59 | praseodymium | Pr | 0,[36] +1,[49] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
60 | neodymium | Nd | 0,[36] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
61 | promethium | Pm | +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
62 | samarium | Sm | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
63 | europium | Eu | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2, +3 | n/a | - | |||
64 | gadolinium | Gd | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
65 | terbium | Tb | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
66 | dysprosium | Dy | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
67 | holmium | Ho | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
68 | erbium | Er | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
69 | thulium | Tm | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
70 | ytterbium | Yb | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
71 | lutetium | Lu | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | 3 | - | |||
72 | hafnium | Hf | −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
73 | tantalum | Ta | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
74 | tungsten | W | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
75 | rhenium | Re | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4 | 7 | VII | |||
76 | osmium | Os | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4 | 8 | VIII | |||
77 | iridium | Ir | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[50] | +3, +4 | 9 | VIII | |||
78 | platinum | Pt | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2, +4 | 10 | VIII | |||
79 | gold | Au | −3, −2, −1, 0,[51] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | +1, +3 | 11 | I | |||
80 | mercury | Hg | −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +2 | 12 | II | |||
81 | thallium | Tl | −5,[52] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +3 | 13 | III | |||
82 | lead | Pb | −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
83 | bismuth | Bi | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3 | 15 | V | |||
84 | polonium | Po | −2, +2, +4, +5,[53] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | −2, +2, +4 | 16 | VI | |||
85 | astatine | At | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7[54] | −1, +1 | 17 | VII | |||
86 | radon | Rn | 0, +2, +6 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
87 | francium | Fr | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
88 | radium | Ra | +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
89 | actinium | Ac | +3 (a strongly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | III | |||
90 | thorium | Th | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +4 | n/a | - | |||
91 | protactinium | Pa | +2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) | +5 | n/a | - | |||
92 | uranium | U | +1, +2, +3,[55] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | +6 | n/a | - | |||
93 | neptunium | Np | +2, +3, +4,[56] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) | +5 | n/a | - | |||
94 | plutonium | Pu | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | n/a | - | |||
95 | americium | Am | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
96 | curium | Cm | +3, +4, +5,[57] +6[58] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
97 | berkelium | Bk | +2, +3, +4, +5[57] | +3 +3 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
98 | Cf: Californium | Cf | +2, +3, +4, +5Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[57] +2, +3, +4, +5Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[57] [sbox] |
+3 +3 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
99 | Es: Einsteinium | Es | +2, +3, +4 +2, +3, +4 [sbox] |
+3 +3 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
100 | Fm: Fermium | Fm | +2, +3 +2, +3 [sbox] |
+3 +3 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
101 | Md: Mendelevium | Md | +2, +3 +2, +3 [sbox] |
+3 +3 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
102 | No: Nobelium | No | +2, +3 +2, +3 [sbox] |
+2 +2 [sbox] |
n/a | - | |||
103 | Lr: Lawrencium | Lr | +3 +3 [sbox] |
+3 +3 [sbox] |
3 | - | |||
104 | Rf: Rutherfordium | Rf | (+2), (+3), +4[59][60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+3), +4[59][60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), +4 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), +4 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
4 | IV | |||
105 | Db: Dubnium | Db | (+3), (+4), +5[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), +5[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
+5 +5 [sbox] |
5 | V | |||
106 | Sg: Seaborgium | Sg | 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+4), +6 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+4), +6 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
6 | VI | |||
107 | Bh: Bohrium | Bh | (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[60][61] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
7 | VII | |||
108 | Hs: Hassium | Hs | (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+3), (+4), (+5), (+6), +8[60][63][61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+4), (+6), +8 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
8 | VIII | |||
109 | Mt: Meitnerium | Mt | (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[60][64][65][61] (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[60][64][65][61] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) (+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) [sbox] |
9 | VIII | |||
110 | Ds: Darmstadtium | Ds | (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[60][61] (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[60][61] [sbox] |
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) (0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) [sbox] |
10 | VIII | |||
111 | Rg: Roentgenium | Rg | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[60][61][66] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[60][61][66] [sbox] |
(+3) (predicted) (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
11 | I | |||
112 | Cn: Copernicium | Cn | 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[60][67][61] 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[60][67][61] [sbox] |
0, +2 0, +2 [sbox] |
12 | II | |||
113 | Nh: Nihonium | Nh | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[60][61][68] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[60][61][68] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
13 | III | |||
114 | Fl: Flerovium | Fl | (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[60][61][69] (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[60][61][69] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
14 | IV | |||
115 | Mc: Moscovium | Mc | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60][61] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60][61] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
15 | V | |||
116 | Lv: Livermorium | Lv | (−2),[70] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[60] (−2),[70] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[60] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
16 | VI | |||
117 | Ts: Tennessine | Ts | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][60] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][60] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
17 | VII | |||
118 | Og: Oganesson | Og | (−1),[60] (0), (+1),[71] (+2),[72] (+4),[72] (+6)[60] (predicted) (−1),[60] (0), (+1),[71] (+2),[72] (+4),[72] (+6)[60] (predicted) [sbox] |
(+2), (+4) (predicted) (+2), (+4) (predicted) [sbox] |
18 | 0 | |||
119 | Uue: Ununennium | Uue | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60] [sbox] |
(+1) (predicted) (+1) (predicted) [sbox] |
1 | I | |||
120 | Ubn: Unbinilium | Ubn | (+1),[73] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[60] (+1),[73] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[60] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
2 | II | |||
121 | Ubu: Unbiunium | Ubu | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60][74] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[60][74] [sbox] |
(+3) (predicted) (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
III | ||||
122 | Ubb: Unbibium | Ubb | (+4) (predicted)[75] (+4) (predicted)[75] [sbox] |
(+4) (predicted) (+4) (predicted) [sbox] |
- | ||||
123 | Ubt: Unbitrium | Ubt | (+5) (predicted)[75] (+5) (predicted)[75] [sbox] |
(+5) (predicted) (+5) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
124 | Ubq: Unbiquadium | Ubq | (+6) (predicted)[75] (+6) (predicted)[75] [sbox] |
(+6) (predicted) (+6) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
125 | Ubp: Unbipentium | Ubp | (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[75] (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[75] [sbox] |
(+6), (+7) (predicted) (+6), (+7) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
126 | Ubh: Unbihexium | Ubh | (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[75] (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[75] [sbox] |
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) [sbox] |
References
- ↑ Be(0) has been observed; see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "rsc-Rf" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 60.00 60.01 60.02 60.03 60.04 60.05 60.06 60.07 60.08 60.09 60.10 60.11 60.12 60.13 60.14 60.15 60.16 60.17 60.18 60.19 60.20 60.21 60.22 60.23 60.24 60.25 60.26 60.27 60.28 60.29 60.30 60.31 60.32 60.33 60.34 60.35 60.36 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 61.18 61.19 61.20 61.21 61.22 61.23 61.24 61.25 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "BFricke" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 62.0 62.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "hassocene" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "MtX4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 65.0 65.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "hepta" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 67.0 67.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "superheavy chemistry" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 68.0 68.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Thayer pp63-67" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 69.0 69.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Schwerdtfeger" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 70.0 70.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Thayer p83" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 71.0 71.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Kaldor" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 73.0 73.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Thayer" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 74.0 74.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 75.4 75.5 75.6 75.7 75.8 75.9 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>
tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
See also
- Oxidation state
- {{List of oxidation states of the elements/row}}
- {{List of oxidation states of the elements/datacheck}} -- compare values with element infobox values.