Template:Arabic alphabet shapes/joining
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- This page is part of the documentation for Template:Arabic alphabet shapes (and linked from the doc), but had to be separated due to its volume.
- Alternatively this could be extended and then renamed to create a full article.
The following lists of letter shapes are sorted by joining type, joining group, and Unicode code points.
Contents
Normative Arabic characters joining types
Non_Joining
This is the default value of the joining type property for most characters in the Unicode Character Database (UCD).
| Joining group | Code point | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | Unicode character description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No_Joining_Group (the default property value in the UCD) |
U+0600 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC NUMBER SIGN This is a visible format control rendered as a subtending mark under the following letters. |
| U+0601 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC SIGN SANAH This is a visible format control rendered as a subtending mark under the following letters. | |
| U+0602 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER This is a visible format control rendered as a subtending mark under the following letters. | |
| U+0603 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC SIGN SAFHA This is a visible format control rendered as a subtending mark under the following letters. | |
| U+0604 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC SIGN SAMVAT This is a visible format control rendered as a subtending mark under the following letters. | |
| U+0605 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC NUMBER MARK ABOVE This is a supralinear mark which extends over one or more digits. It has been used in Coptic and Arabic contexts. | |
| U+0608 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTERLIKE SYMBOL DOTLESS QAF WITH TAIL = ARABIC RAY | |
| U+060B | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTERLIKE SYMBOL FEH WITH SMALL ALEF BELOW = AFGHANI SIGN | |
| U+060E | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC SYMBOL SPACING FOOTNOTE MARKER = ARABIC POETIC VERSE SIGN Unlike the ARABIC FOOTNOTE MARKER, this is not a format control but a plain symbol and can appear in isolation (i.e. not subtending any following letters). | |
| U+060F | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTERLIKE SYMBOL AIN WITH LOOP = ARABIC SIGN MISRA | |
| U+0621 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTER HAMZA Initially not part of the classical Arabic alphabet, it is now used as a plain letter. Do not confuse this character with the ARABIC LETTER SMALL HAMZA ABOVE = LETTER HIGH HAMZA (U+0674), used as a plain letter in the Kazakh alphabet to create digraphs, and with the combining diacritic ARABIC SMALL HAMZA ABOVE (U+0654) which can used above any letter. | |
| U+0660 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F0. | |
| U+0661 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F1. | |
| U+0662 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F2. | |
| U+0663 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F3. | |
| U+0664 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F4. | |
| U+0665 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F5. | |
| U+0666 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F6. | |
| U+0667 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F7. | |
| U+0668 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F8. | |
| U+0669 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE This is used for Arabic proper. For languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India, see the Eastern Arabic-Indic digit at U+06F9. | |
| U+0674 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTER SMALL HAMZA ABOVE = LETTER HIGH HAMZA Do not confuse this character used as a distinct plain letter in the Kazakh alphabet to create digraphs, with the ARABIC LETTER HAMZA (U+0621) which is a distinct letter, and with the combining diacritic ARABIC SMALL HAMZA ABOVE (U+0654) which can used above any letter. | |
| U+06DD | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC END OF AYAH This is a visible format control rendered as enclosing mark under the following digits (noting the number of verses since the beginning of a chapter), used to mark a traditional end of section when reading the Quran. | |
| U+06F0 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0660, whose shape is identical. | |
| U+06F1 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0661, whose shape is identical. | |
| U+06F2 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0662, whose shape is identical. | |
| U+06F3 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0663, whose shape is identical. | |
| U+06F4 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0664, whose shape is different. Note that Persian has a different glyph than Sindhi and Urdu. | |
| U+06F5 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0665, whose shape is different. | |
| U+06F6 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0666, whose shape is different. | |
| U+06F7 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0667, whose shape is different. | |
| U+06F8 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0668, which looks identical. | |
| U+06F9 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE This is used for languages of Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. For Arabic proper, see the Western Arabic-Indic digit at U+0669, which looks identical. | |
| U+08AD | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC LETTER LOW ALEF | |
| U+08E2 | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ARABIC DISPUTED END OF AYAH | |
| U+200C | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER (ZWNJ) Invisible format control character that can be inserted between pairs of Arabic letters (or clusters, if they are followed by additional combining diacritics) to suppress their normative joining. In that case, if the first letter is initial or the second letter is final, that letter must be shown using its isolated form; and if the first or second letter is medial, that letter must be shown using its final form. Note that this control must not change the letter form shown by Arabic letters encoded with compatibility characters for Arabic variant forms (in the U+FExx block), whose usage is strongly discouraged (you should use the standard letters, with the ZWJ and ZWNJ controls when needed). | |
| U+202F | Template:Script/Arabic | (none) | (none) | (none) | NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE |
Causing_Joining
A few characters used in the Arabic scripts are causing joining, meaning that they are notmally not used alone, but between pairs of other characters (or clusters).
| Joining group | Code point | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial | Unicode character description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No_Joining_Group (the default property value in the UCD) |
U+0640 | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | ARABIC TATWEEL This is not a true letter but a format control character typically used between pairs of Arabic letters (or clusters, if they are followed by additional combining diacritics) only for presentation purpose, to increase the length of their joining horizontal stroke. It may be inserted anywhere in the middle of Arabic words, to force enhance their justification in paragraphs instead of only increasing the length of whitespaces, because the joining behavior of Arabic letters must not be broken by increasing the intercharacter kerning. Most encoded texts won't need that character (which should be ignored for spelling checks and plain-text searches). Instead, Arabic text renderers will automatically use the glyph defined in fonts for this format control, to correctly render Arabic words if advanced justification is supported; Arabic text renderers may choose to not render this character, but many will still render it using the simple horizontal stroke with its length defined in glyph assigned in supported fonts. |
| U+200D | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | Template:Script/Arabic | ZERO WIDTH JOINER (ZWJ) Invisible format control character that can be inserted between pairs of Arabic letters (or clusters, if they are followed by additional combining diacritics) to force their joining. Such use is not recommended, and may only have an effect only on Arabic letters encoded with compatibility characters for Arabic variant forms (in the U+FExx block), whose usage is strongly discouraged (you should use the standard letters, with the ZWJ and ZWNJ controls when needed), or on some Arabic texts that used this mechanism with standard Arabic letters only to represent some Arabic letters variants that have since been encoded distinctly, due to their distinctive shaping. However, new variants of Arabic letters may be found with a specific shaping using joining forms, and that are still not encoded distinctly in Unicode, that could be temporarily represented in some supporting fonts using this mechanism. Most applications won't be able to show this non-standard joining behavior and the ZWJ control will be ignored in that case. |
Right_Joining
Some letters in the Arabic scripts are joining contextually on both sides.
Dual_Joining
Most letters in the Arabic scripts are joining contextually on both sides.
Notes and references
The source code of the template lists only characters in the Arabic script, sorted by joining type, joining group, code point, like in the table referenced above:
- http://unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedJoiningType.txt
- Combining characters and controls are DerivedJoiningType=Transparent (ignored)
- Non-listed characters are DerivedJoiningType=Non_Joining (e.g. U+0621 Hamza)
- http://unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/extracted/DerivedJoiningGroup.txt
- Combining characters and controls are DerivedJoiningType=Transparent (ignored)
- Non-listed characters are DerivedJoiningType=No_Joining_Group (e.g. U+0621 Hamza)
