Difference between revisions of "Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/overview-oxidation-state"
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Latest revision as of 20:58, 4 February 2021
- Oxidation state data ()
- Standard comments e.g., predicted ()
- Technical: /overview-oxidation-state/row, /sandbox
- See also: Template:List of oxidation states of the elements/datacheck (compare with {{List of oxidation states of the elements}} data)
| Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Subpages of this template. |
| Collapse Oxidation states data sets (WP:ELEMENTS talk)
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z | Name | Symbol | complete | main | group | val | note | ||
| 1 | hydrogen | H | −1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide) | −1, +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 2 | helium | He | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 3 | lithium | Li | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 4 | beryllium | Be | 0,[1] +1,[2] +2 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 5 | boron | B | −5, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3[4][5] (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
| 6 | carbon | C | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1,[6] +2, +3,[7] +4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
| 7 | nitrogen | N | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
| 8 | oxygen | O | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2 | −2 | 16 | VI | |||
| 9 | fluorine | F | −1 (oxidizes oxygen) | −1 | 17 | VII | |||
| 10 | neon | Ne | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 11 | sodium | Na | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 12 | magnesium | Mg | +1,[9] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 13 | aluminium | Al | −2, −1, +1,[10] +2,[11] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
| 14 | silicon | Si | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[12] +1,[13] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
| 15 | phosphorus | P | −3, −2, −1, 0,[14] +1,[15] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
| 16 | sulfur | S | −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
| 17 | chlorine | Cl | −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 | 17 | VII | |||
| 18 | argon | Ar | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 19 | potassium | K | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 20 | calcium | Ca | +1,[16] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 21 | scandium | Sc | 0,[17] +1,[18] +2,[19] +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 3 | III | |||
| 22 | titanium | Ti | −2, −1, 0,[20] +1, +2, +3, +4[21] (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
| 23 | vanadium | V | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
| 24 | chromium | Cr | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
| 25 | manganese | Mn | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) | +2, +4, +7 | 7 | VII | |||
| 26 | iron | Fe | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[22] +2, +3, +4, +5,[23] +6, +7[24] (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3, +6 | 8 | VIII | |||
| 27 | cobalt | Co | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5[25] (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +3 | 9 | VIII | |||
| 28 | nickel | Ni | −2, −1, 0, +1,[26] +2, +3, +4[27] (a mildly basic oxide) | +2 | 10 | VIII | |||
| 29 | copper | Cu | −2, 0,[28] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +2 | 11 | I | |||
| 30 | zinc | Zn | −2, 0, +1, +2 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2 | 12 | II | |||
| 31 | gallium | Ga | −5, −4, −3,[29] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[30] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
| 32 | germanium | Ge | −4 −3, −2, −1, 0,[31] +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
| 33 | arsenic | As | −3, −2, −1, 0,[32] +1,[33] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
| 34 | selenium | Se | −2, −1, +1,[34] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
| 35 | bromine | Br | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5 | 17 | VII | |||
| 36 | krypton | Kr | 0, +1, +2 (rarely more than 0; oxide is unknown) | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 37 | rubidium | Rb | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 38 | strontium | Sr | +1,[35] +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 39 | yttrium | Y | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | 3 | III | |||
| 40 | zirconium | Zr | −2, 0, +1,[37] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
| 41 | niobium | Nb | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
| 42 | molybdenum | Mo | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1,[38] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide) | +4, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
| 43 | technetium | Tc | −3, −1, 0, +1,[39] +2, +3,[39] +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | +4, +7 | 7 | VII | |||
| 44 | ruthenium | Ru | −4, −2, 0, +1,[40] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3, +4 | 8 | VIII | |||
| 45 | rhodium | Rh | −3[41], −1, 0, +1,[42] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 9 | VIII | |||
| 46 | palladium | Pd | 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | 0, +2, +4 | 10 | VIII | |||
| 47 | silver | Ag | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) | +1 | 11 | I | |||
| 48 | cadmium | Cd | −2, +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2 | 12 | II | |||
| 49 | indium | In | −5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[43] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | 13 | III | |||
| 50 | tin | Sn | −4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[44] +1,[45] +2, +3,[46] +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | −4, +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
| 51 | antimony | Sb | −3, −2, −1, 0,[47] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | −3, +3, +5 | 15 | V | |||
| 52 | tellurium | Te | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) | −2, +2, +4, +6 | 16 | VI | |||
| 53 | iodine | I | −1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7 | 17 | VII | |||
| 54 | xenon | Xe | 0, +1, +2, +4, +6, +8 (rarely more than 0; a weakly acidic oxide) | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 55 | caesium | Cs | −1, +1[48] (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 56 | barium | Ba | +1, +2 (a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 57 | lanthanum | La | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a strongly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | III | |||
| 58 | cerium | Ce | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3, +4 | n/a | - | |||
| 59 | praseodymium | Pr | 0,[36] +1,[49] +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 60 | neodymium | Nd | 0,[36] +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 61 | promethium | Pm | +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 62 | samarium | Sm | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 63 | europium | Eu | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2, +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 64 | gadolinium | Gd | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 65 | terbium | Tb | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 66 | dysprosium | Dy | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 67 | holmium | Ho | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 68 | erbium | Er | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 69 | thulium | Tm | 0,[36] +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 70 | ytterbium | Yb | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 71 | lutetium | Lu | 0,[36] +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide) | +3 | 3 | - | |||
| 72 | hafnium | Hf | −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | 4 | IV | |||
| 73 | tantalum | Ta | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +5 | 5 | V | |||
| 74 | tungsten | W | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4, +6 | 6 | VI | |||
| 75 | rhenium | Re | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4 | 7 | VII | |||
| 76 | osmium | Os | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +4 | 8 | VIII | |||
| 77 | iridium | Ir | −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[50] | +3, +4 | 9 | VIII | |||
| 78 | platinum | Pt | −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly basic oxide) | +2, +4 | 10 | VIII | |||
| 79 | gold | Au | −3, −2, −1, 0,[51] +1, +2, +3, +5 (an amphoteric oxide) | +1, +3 | 11 | I | |||
| 80 | mercury | Hg | −2 , +1, +2 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +2 | 12 | II | |||
| 81 | thallium | Tl | −5,[52] −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly basic oxide) | +1, +3 | 13 | III | |||
| 82 | lead | Pb | −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide) | +2, +4 | 14 | IV | |||
| 83 | bismuth | Bi | −3, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) | +3 | 15 | V | |||
| 84 | polonium | Po | −2, +2, +4, +5,[53] +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | −2, +2, +4 | 16 | VI | |||
| 85 | astatine | At | −1, +1, +3, +5, +7[54] | −1, +1 | 17 | VII | |||
| 86 | radon | Rn | 0, +2, +6 | 0 | 18 | 0 | |||
| 87 | francium | Fr | +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | +1 | 1 | I | |||
| 88 | radium | Ra | +2 (expected to have a strongly basic oxide) | +2 | 2 | II | |||
| 89 | actinium | Ac | +3 (a strongly basic oxide) | +3 | n/a | III | |||
| 90 | thorium | Th | +1, +2, +3, +4 (a weakly basic oxide) | +4 | n/a | - | |||
| 91 | protactinium | Pa | +2, +3, +4, +5 (a weakly basic oxide) | +5 | n/a | - | |||
| 92 | uranium | U | +1, +2, +3,[55] +4, +5, +6 (an amphoteric oxide) | +6 | n/a | - | |||
| 93 | neptunium | Np | +2, +3, +4,[56] +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) | +5 | n/a | - | |||
| 94 | plutonium | Pu | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (an amphoteric oxide) | +4 | n/a | - | |||
| 95 | americium | Am | +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 96 | curium | Cm | +3, +4, +5,[57] +6[58] (an amphoteric oxide) | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 97 | berkelium | Bk | +2, +3, +4, +5[57] | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 98 | californium | Cf | +2, +3, +4, +5[59][57] | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 99 | einsteinium | Es | +2, +3, +4 | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 100 | fermium | Fm | +2, +3 | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 101 | mendelevium | Md | +2, +3 | +3 | n/a | - | |||
| 102 | nobelium | No | +2, +3 | +2 | n/a | - | |||
| 103 | lawrencium | Lr | +3 | +3 | 3 | - | |||
| 104 | Rutherfordium | Rf | (+2), (+3), +4[60][61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+3), +4[60][61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), +4 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), +4 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
4 | IV | |||
| 105 | Db: Dubnium | Db | (+3), (+4), +5[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), +5[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
+5 +5 [sbox] |
5 | V | |||
| 106 | Sg: Seaborgium | Sg | 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) 0, (+3), (+4), (+5), +6[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+4), +6 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+4), +6 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
6 | VI | |||
| 107 | Bh: Bohrium | Bh | (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7[61][62] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+3), (+4), (+5), +7 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
7 | VII | |||
| 108 | Hs: Hassium | Hs | (+2), (+3), (+4), (+6), +8Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".[62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+3), (+4), (+5), (+6), +8[61][64][62][63] (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
(+3), (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) (+2), (+4), (+6), +8 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction) [sbox] |
8 | VIII | |||
| 109 | Mt: Meitnerium | Mt | (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62] (+1), (+3), (+4), (+6), (+8), (+9) (predicted)[61][65][66][62] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) (+1), (+3), (+6) (predicted) [sbox] |
9 | VIII | |||
| 110 | Ds: Darmstadtium | Ds | (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62] (0), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox] |
(0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) (0), (+2), (+8) (predicted) [sbox] |
10 | VIII | |||
| 111 | Rg: Roentgenium | Rg | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5), (+7) (predicted)[61][62][67] [sbox] |
(+3) (predicted) (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
11 | I | |||
| 112 | Cn: Copernicium | Cn | 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62] 0, (+1), +2, (+4) (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".: prediction)[61][68][62] [sbox] |
0, +2 0, +2 [sbox] |
12 | II | |||
| 113 | Nh: Nihonium | Nh | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[61][62][69] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
13 | III | |||
| 114 | Fl: Flerovium | Fl | (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70] (0), (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6) (predicted)[61][62][70] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
14 | IV | |||
| 115 | Mc: Moscovium | Mc | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][62] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
15 | V | |||
| 116 | Lv: Livermorium | Lv | (−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] (−2),[71] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
16 | VI | |||
| 117 | Ts: Tennessine | Ts | (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61] (−1), (+1), (+3), (+5) (predicted)[62][61] [sbox] |
(+1), (+3) (predicted) (+1), (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
17 | VII | |||
| 118 | Og: Oganesson | Og | (−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted) (−1),[61] (0), (+1),[72] (+2),[73] (+4),[73] (+6)[61] (predicted) [sbox] |
(+2), (+4) (predicted) (+2), (+4) (predicted) [sbox] |
18 | 0 | |||
| 119 | Uue: Ununennium | Uue | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61] [sbox] |
(+1) (predicted) (+1) (predicted) [sbox] |
1 | I | |||
| 120 | Ubn: Unbinilium | Ubn | (+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] (+1),[74] (+2), (+4) (predicted)[61] [sbox] |
(+2) (predicted) (+2) (predicted) [sbox] |
2 | II | |||
| 121 | Ubu: Unbiunium | Ubu | (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75] (+1), (+3) (predicted)[61][75] [sbox] |
(+3) (predicted) (+3) (predicted) [sbox] |
III | ||||
| 122 | Ubb: Unbibium | Ubb | (+4) (predicted)[76] (+4) (predicted)[76] [sbox] |
(+4) (predicted) (+4) (predicted) [sbox] |
- | ||||
| 123 | Ubt: Unbitrium | Ubt | (+5) (predicted)[76] (+5) (predicted)[76] [sbox] |
(+5) (predicted) (+5) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
| 124 | Ubq: Unbiquadium | Ubq | (+6) (predicted)[76] (+6) (predicted)[76] [sbox] |
(+6) (predicted) (+6) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
| 125 | Ubp: Unbipentium | Ubp | (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76] (+1), (+6), (+7) (predicted)[76] [sbox] |
(+6), (+7) (predicted) (+6), (+7) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
| 126 | Ubh: Unbihexium | Ubh | (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76] (+1), (+2), (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted)[76] [sbox] |
(+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) (+4), (+6), (+8) (predicted) [sbox] |
|||||
References
- ↑ Be(0) has been observed; see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Ga(−3) has been observed in LaGa, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 39.0 39.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Ellis J E. Highly Reduced Metal Carbonyl Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Adv. Organomet. Chem, 1990, 31: 1-51.
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Np(II), (III) and (IV) have been observed, see Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 57.0 57.1 57.2 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Greenwood & Earnshaw 1997, p. 1265.
- ↑ Jump up to: 60.0 60.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "rsc-Rf" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 61.18 61.19 61.20 61.21 61.22 61.23 61.24 61.25 61.26 61.27 61.28 61.29 61.30 61.31 61.32 61.33 61.34 61.35 61.36 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 62.13 62.14 62.15 62.16 62.17 62.18 62.19 62.20 62.21 62.22 62.23 62.24 62.25 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "BFricke" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 63.0 63.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "hassocene" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 65.0 65.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "MtX4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 66.0 66.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 67.0 67.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "hepta" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 68.0 68.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "superheavy chemistry" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 69.0 69.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Thayer pp63-67" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 70.0 70.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Schwerdtfeger" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 71.0 71.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Thayer p83" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 72.0 72.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Kaldor" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 74.0 74.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Thayer" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jump up to: 75.0 75.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
- ↑ Jump up to: 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.5 76.6 76.7 76.8 76.9 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Pyykkö2011" defined multiple times with different content
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
See also
- Oxidation state
- {{List of oxidation states of the elements/row}}
- {{List of oxidation states of the elements/datacheck}} -- compare values with element infobox values.