Difference between revisions of "Template:Codon table"

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{| class="wikitable"
+
{| class="wikitable" style="border:none; background:none; text-align:center;"
|bgcolor=#ffe75f| nonpolar
+
| [[Amino acids|Amino-acid]] biochemical properties
|bgcolor=#b3dec0| polar
+
| style="background-color:#ffe75f; width: 50px;" | Nonpolar
|bgcolor=#bbbfe0| basic
+
| style="background-color:#b3dec0; width: 50px;" | Polar
|bgcolor=#f8b7d3| acidic
+
| style="background-color:#bbbfe0; width: 50px;" | Basic
|bgcolor=#B0B0B0| (stop codon)
+
| style="background-color:#f8b7d3; width: 50px;" | Acidic
 +
| style="border:none; background:none; width: 100px;" |
 +
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | Termination: stop codon
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ Standard genetic code
 
|+ Standard genetic code
!rowspan=2| 1st<br/>base
+
! rowspan=2 | 1st<br/>base
!colspan=8| 2nd base
+
! colspan=8 | 2nd base
!rowspan=2| 3rd<br/>base
+
! rowspan=2 | 3rd<br/>base
 
|-
 
|-
!colspan=2| {{{T|T}}}
+
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | {{{T|T}}}
!colspan=2| C
+
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | C
!colspan=2| A
+
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | A
!colspan=2| G
+
! colspan=2 style="width:150px;" | G
 +
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
+
! rowspan=4 | {{{T|T}}}
!rowspan=4| {{{T|T}}}
 
 
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=2| (Phe/F) [[Phenylalanine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Phe/F) [[Phenylalanine]]
 
| {{{T|T}}}C{{{T|T}}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}C{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=4| (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
 
| {{{T|T}}}A{{{T|T}}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}A{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=2| (Tyr/Y) [[Tyrosine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Tyr/Y) [[Tyrosine]]
 
| {{{T|T}}}G{{{T|T}}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}G{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=2| (Cys/C) [[Cysteine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Cys/C) [[Cysteine]]
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}A
 
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}A
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=6| (Leu/L) [[Leucine]]
+
|rowspan=6 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Leu/L) [[Leucine]]
 
| {{{T|T}}}CA
 
| {{{T|T}}}CA
 
| {{{T|T}}}AA
 
| {{{T|T}}}AA
|bgcolor=#B0B0B0| [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Ochre'')
+
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Ochre''){{Ref label|stopcodon1|B|none}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}GA
 
| {{{T|T}}}GA
|bgcolor=#B0B0B0 | Stop (''Opal'')
+
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Opal''){{Ref label|stopcodon2|B|none}}
 
! A
 
! A
 
|-
 
|-
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}G
+
| {{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}G{{ref label|start|A|A}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}CG
 
| {{{T|T}}}CG
 
| {{{T|T}}}AG
 
| {{{T|T}}}AG
|bgcolor=#B0B0B0| Stop (''Amber'')
+
| style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | [[Stop codon|Stop]] (''Amber''){{Ref label|stopcodon3|B|none}}
 
| {{{T|T}}}GG
 
| {{{T|T}}}GG
|bgcolor=#ffe75f| (Trp/W) [[Tryptophan]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Comment|to make the columns roughly the same width}}
+
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Trp/W) [[Tryptophan]]
 
! G
 
! G
 
|-
 
|-
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| C{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
 
| C{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
 
| CC{{{T|T}}}
 
| CC{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=4| (Pro/P) [[Proline]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Pro/P) [[Proline]]
 
| CA{{{T|T}}}
 
| CA{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#bbbfe0 rowspan=2| (His/H) [[Histidine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (His/H) [[Histidine]]
 
|CG{{{T|T}}}
 
|CG{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#bbbfe0 rowspan=4| (Arg/R) [[Arginine]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginine]]
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
|-
 
|-
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|CCA
 
|CCA
 
|CAA
 
|CAA
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=2| (Gln/Q) [[Glutamine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Gln/Q) [[Glutamine]]
 
|CGA
 
|CGA
 
! A
 
! A
 
|-
 
|-
|C{{{T|T}}}G
+
|C{{{T|T}}}G{{ref label|start|A|A}}
 
|CCG
 
|CCG
 
|CAG
 
|CAG
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! rowspan="4" | A
 
! rowspan="4" | A
 
|A{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
 
|A{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=3| (Ile/I) [[Isoleucine]]
+
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ile/I) [[Isoleucine]]
 
|AC{{{T|T}}}
 
|AC{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=4| (Thr/T) [[Threonine]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Comment|to make the columns roughly the same width}}
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Thr/T) [[Threonine]]
 
|AA{{{T|T}}}
 
|AA{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=2| (Asn/N) [[Asparagine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Asn/N) [[Asparagine]]
 
|AG{{{T|T}}}
 
|AG{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#b3dec0 rowspan=2| (Ser/S) Serine
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#b3dec0" | (Ser/S) [[Serine]]
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
|-
 
|-
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|ACA
 
|ACA
 
|AAA
 
|AAA
|bgcolor=#bbbfe0 rowspan=2| (Lys/K) [[Lysine]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Lys/K) [[Lysine]]
 
|AGA
 
|AGA
|bgcolor=#bbbfe0 rowspan=2| (Arg/R) Arginine
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#bbbfe0" | (Arg/R) [[Arginine]]
 
! A
 
! A
 
|-
 
|-
|A{{{T|T}}}G{{ref label|methionine|A|A}}  
+
|A{{{T|T}}}G{{ref label|start|A|A}}  
|bgcolor=#ffe75f| (Met/M) [[Methionine]]
+
| style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | (Met/M) [[Methionine]]
 
|ACG
 
|ACG
 
|AAG
 
|AAG
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! rowspan="4" | G
 
! rowspan="4" | G
 
|G{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
 
|G{{{T|T}}}{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=4| (Val/V) [[Valine]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Val/V) [[Valine]]
 
|GC{{{T|T}}}
 
|GC{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=4| (Ala/A) [[Alanine]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Ala/A) [[Alanine]]
 
|GA{{{T|T}}}
 
|GA{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#f8b7d3 rowspan=2| (Asp/D) [[Aspartic acid]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Asp/D) [[Aspartic acid]]
 
|GG{{{T|T}}}
 
|GG{{{T|T}}}
|bgcolor=#ffe75f rowspan=4| (Gly/G) [[Glycine]]
+
|rowspan=4 style="background-color:#ffe75f" | (Gly/G) [[Glycine]]
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
! {{{T|T}}}
 
|-
 
|-
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|GCA
 
|GCA
 
|GAA
 
|GAA
|bgcolor=#f8b7d3 rowspan=2| (Glu/E) [[Glutamic acid]]
+
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:#f8b7d3" | (Glu/E) [[Glutamic acid]]
 
|GGA
 
|GGA
 
! A
 
! A
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|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 
+
:{{note label|start|A|A}} The codon A{{{T|T}}}G both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first A{{{T|T}}}G in an [[mRNA]]'s coding region is where translation into protein begins.<ref name="pmid19056476">{{cite journal |author=Nakamoto T |title=Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis |journal=Gene |volume=432 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–6 | date=March 2009 |pmid=19056476 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001}}</ref> The other start codons listed by GenBank are rare in eukaryotes and generally codes for Met/fMet.<ref>{{Cite journal| last7 = Collado-Vides | first9 = C. K. | first8 = J. D. | first7 = J.| last10 = Mayhew| title = The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 | first17 = Y.| last17 = Shao | first16 = B.| last16 = Mau | first15 = D. J.| last15 = Rose | first14 = M. A.| last14 = Goeden | first13 = H. A.| last13 = Kirkpatrick | first12 = N. W.| last12 = Davis | first11 = J.| journal = Science| last11 = Gregor| doi = 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 | first10 = G. F.| pmid = 9278503| year = 1997| pages = 1453–1462| volume = 277| issue = 5331 | first6 = M. | first2 = G.| last9 = Rode | first3 = C. A.| last2 = Plunkett g| last4 = Perna | first1 = F. R.| last6 = Riley| last5 = Burland| last1 = Blattner| last8 = Glasner | first5 = V. | first4 = N. T.| last3 = Bloch }}</ref>
:{{note label|methionine|A|A}} The codon A{{{T|T}}}G both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first A{{{T|T}}}G in an [[mRNA]]'s coding region is where translation into protein begins.<ref name="pmid19056476">{{cite journal |author=Nakamoto T |title=Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis |journal=Gene |volume=432 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–6 |year=2009 |month=March |pmid=19056476 |doi=10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001}}</ref>
+
: '''<sup>B</sup>''' {{Note label|stopcodon1|3=none}}{{Note label|stopcodon2|3=none}}{{Note label|stopcodon3|3=none}} The historical basis for designating the [[stop codon#Nomenclature|stop codons as amber, ochre and opal]] is described in an autobiography by Sydney Brenner<ref>Brenner S. A Life in Science (2001) Published by Biomed Central Limited  {{ISBN|0-9540278-0-9}} see pages 101-104</ref> and in a historical article by Bob Edgar.<ref name="pmid15514035">{{cite journal |vauthors=Edgar B |title=The genome of bacteriophage T4: an archeological dig |journal=Genetics |volume=168 |issue=2 |pages=575–82 |year=2004 |pmid=15514035 |pmc=1448817 |doi= |url=}} see pages 580-581</ref><noinclude>
 
 
 
{{documentation|content=This is the standard or universal [[genetic code]].
 
{{documentation|content=This is the standard or universal [[genetic code]].
  
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<references/>
 
<references/>
 +
 +
[[Category:Biochemistry templates]]
 
}}
 
}}
 +
</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 21:19, 22 April 2020

Amino-acid biochemical properties Nonpolar Polar Basic Acidic Termination: stop codon
Standard genetic code
1st
base
2nd base 3rd
base
T C A G
T TTT (Phe/F) Phenylalanine TCT (Ser/S) Serine TAT (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine TGT (Cys/C) Cysteine T
TTC TCC TAC TGC C
TTA (Leu/L) Leucine TCA TAA Stop (Ochre)Template:Ref label TGA Stop (Opal)Template:Ref label A
TTGTemplate:Ref label TCG TAG Stop (Amber)Template:Ref label TGG (Trp/W) Tryptophan G
C CTT CCT (Pro/P) Proline CAT (His/H) Histidine CGT (Arg/R) Arginine T
CTC CCC CAC CGC C
CTA CCA CAA (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGA A
CTGTemplate:Ref label CCG CAG CGG G
A ATT (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACT (Thr/T) Threonine AAT (Asn/N) Asparagine AGT (Ser/S) Serine T
ATC ACC AAC AGC C
ATA ACA AAA (Lys/K) Lysine AGA (Arg/R) Arginine A
ATGTemplate:Ref label (Met/M) Methionine ACG AAG AGG G
G GTT (Val/V) Valine GCT (Ala/A) Alanine GAT (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGT (Gly/G) Glycine T
GTC GCC GAC GGC C
GTA GCA GAA (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGA A
GTG GCG GAG GGG G
Template:Note label The codon ATG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first ATG in an mRNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins.[1] The other start codons listed by GenBank are rare in eukaryotes and generally codes for Met/fMet.[2]
B Template:Note labelTemplate:Note labelTemplate:Note label The historical basis for designating the stop codons as amber, ochre and opal is described in an autobiography by Sydney Brenner[3] and in a historical article by Bob Edgar.[4]
Template documentation

This is the standard or universal genetic code.

This table is found in both DNA Codon Table and Genetic Code (And probably a few other places), so I'm pulling it out so it can be common. By default it's the DNA code (using the letter T for Thymine); use template parameter "T=U" to make it the RNA code (using U for Uracil). See also Template:Inverse codon table.

  1. Nakamoto T (March 2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene. 432 (1–2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476.
  2. Blattner, F. R.; Plunkett g, G.; Bloch, C. A.; Perna, N. T.; Burland, V.; Riley, M.; Collado-Vides, J.; Glasner, J. D.; Rode, C. K.; Mayhew, G. F.; Gregor, J.; Davis, N. W.; Kirkpatrick, H. A.; Goeden, M. A.; Rose, D. J.; Mau, B.; Shao, Y. (1997). "The Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12". Science. 277 (5331): 1453–1462. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1453. PMID 9278503.
  3. Brenner S. A Life in Science (2001) Published by Biomed Central Limited ISBN 0-9540278-0-9 see pages 101-104
  4. Edgar B (2004). "The genome of bacteriophage T4: an archeological dig". Genetics. 168 (2): 575–82. PMC 1448817. PMID 15514035. see pages 580-581